50Hz flicker.

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Steve Baker (steve++at++mred.bgm.link.com)
Sat, 16 Nov 96 09:24:26 -0500


>>>
>>> The deal is that when the room lights are running at one rate
>>> and the video is running at another rate close to it, you
>>> get beat frequencies that can be very upsetting.
>>
>>I would imagine this would occur only with flourescent light's, right?
>>Incandescents probably don't have this problem. Or am I mistaken?
>>
>
>Sorry, but no. This (flickering at 50Hz) will happen with all lighting conditions
>(even in the dark). The reason for that is that on current monitors, the decay time of
>the monitor is fast enough, so that you see the "black" between fields. I would
>suggest an interesting test :
>1. Go to 72 Hz on a monitor that supports this frequency (/usr/gfx/setmon 72)
>2. Stare on the screen for a while to get used.
>3. Go to 60 Hz (/usr/gfx/setmon 60)
>4. See how much 60Hz flickers
>
>After doing that test I never work with 60Hz while developing.
>
>In a system that we recently shipped, the frame rate was contracted to 25Hz.
>Naturally, we thought of running the screens at 50Hz. Because of teh flickering we
>changed that to 72Hz, updating at 24Hz, which is close enough to 50Hz. Ofcourse, this
>has some problems too. Any update rate slower than the screen refresh rate will have
>artifacts when moving fast across the screen.

I'm afraid you are confusing two issues here.

1) Can you see flicker at 50Hz, 60Hz and 72Hz?
2) Do you see beat frequency artifacts when the video
   rate is different from the video rate?

There is nothing inherently bad about 50Hz - 50 Million people
from my mother country (UK) watch 50Hz Television every day without
complaint. It depends in part (as you point out) on the decay rate
of the phosphor - and in part on conditioning. I have heard Americans
complaining that British TV seems flickery to them. Another factor is
the field-of-view. You eye is MUCH more sensitive to flicker at
the edges of the retina than in the center - so wide field-of-view
displays appear to flicker more than narrow ones.

You can choose displays with long or short persistance phosphor - if
it's too short you get flicker - if it's too long, the image smears
as it moves.

However, even people who have become acclimated to 50Hz video will
see flicker in 60Hz room lighting. I can personally attest to this.
(Although I can't ever recollect using incandescent lamps instead
of flourescents).

I don't hear people complaining about 72Hz video in 60Hz lighting,
but it's evident that the limit of human flicker perception is
somewhere between 60 and 72Hz - so perhaps this isn't a surprise.

Operating the graphics pipeline at a lower update rate than the video
rate causes yet another artifact. If you run 30Hz updates on a
60Hz screen, you don't get flickering - you get double-imaging.
If you run 24Hz on a 72Hz screen, you get triple-imaging. As the
update rate drops, the eye/brain suddenly stops seeing smooth
motion and multiple-images and starts seeing images that 'step'
or 'jump'. The rate at which that happens has been shown to
vary widely between individuals - but in my experience, the
rate is somewhere between 10Hz and 20Hz.

The human eye/brain is an incredibly complex mechanism.
Peopple need to understand some of the more obvious
things that it's sensitive to if they are going to
produce good simulation.

Getting back to the very original question though - if
you want to use 50Hz video, you'd better use 50Hz lighting
(or no room lights at all).

Steve Baker 817-619-1361 (Vox-Lab)
Hughes Training Inc. 817-619-8776 (Vox-Office/Vox-Mail)
2200 Arlington Downs Road 817-619-4028 (Fax)
Arlington, Texas. TX 76005-6171 Steve++at++MrEd.bgm.link.com (eMail)
http://www.hti.com (external) http://MrEd.bgm.link.com/staff/steve (intranet)
                                http://web2.airmail.net/sjbaker1 (external)

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