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Revision 1.1, Mon Aug 7 22:08:16 2000 UTC (17 years, 2 months ago) by xfs
Branch: MAIN
CVS Tags: HEAD 

Add ols presentation

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Steve Lord ()Standard<(
(@'A'1'
+''	'''
SGI File System EngineeringStandard<(
(@'A'1'
+''	'''DrOb$SVDr&jxE;
StandardjxE;xV4B1Porting XFS to Linux
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@''	DrObSVDr&<!!?MStandard<!!?MxV4B1lStandardg*<(
(@'A'1'+''
'DrObSVDr&3]3!&
Home~LT~Titelm3]3NxV4B19 
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrXX OLS 2000ggNHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&h@*DrObSVDr&N/Fq\#"Home~LT~NotizenN/Fq\gxV4B1RHome~LT~Notizeng*<(
(@'''DrXX OLS 2000ggFHome~LT~GliederungDrPg4JoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titelx3]4YxV4B1DIntroduction
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrOboSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1
r8eLxV4B1
Project goalsHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'
What is XFSHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'OS Interface differencesHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'	Page BufsHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'	Current StatusHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'Future WorkHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'DrXXIntroggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg=JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenAT/E["xV4B1HIn this talk I will give an outline of what the XFS filesystem provides,Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'dexplain some of  the rational behind why SGI is open sourced XFS,  and the Goals behind the project.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'wI will then describe some of the filesystem interface differences between irix and Linux and the consequences of these.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Especially the buffer cache interface where XFS has some very specific requirements, and where the available Linux mechanisms did not provide what we needed.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'GFinally I will outline current status and where we want to go from hereHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXXIntroggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4bxV4B1M
Project Goals
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'
DrObSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1[r8eL<xV4B1GPLedHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@''Aim to get XFS into mainline Linux treeHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@''
Single SourceHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'
)Minimize cross platform maintenance costsHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@')Irix CompatibilityHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@',Move customer filesystems from Irix to LinuxHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@',DrXXGoalsggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgbJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+DrOb4SVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[xV4B16OK, enough about what XFS is, now onto the Linux port.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXXGoalsggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4jxV4B1UGPL + Lawyers ! = Fun
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1Nr8eL/xV4B1FPlacing commercial code under GPL is not easy if you tell the Lawyers!Home~LT~Gliederung 1<(
(@'F.Ensure XFS did not contain cross licensed codeHome~LT~Gliederung 1<(
(@'.-Extensive code review for cross licensed codeHome~LT~Gliederung 2<(
(@'- Two Lawyers left in the process!Home~LT~Gliederung 1<(
(@' Took way too long!Home~LT~Gliederung 1<(
(@'DrXXGPLggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg*JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~Notizen.T/E[xV4B1Taking a large chunk of code written by a commercial organization, espcially a US organization where Lawyers have one of the thickest sections in the phone book, and open sourcing it is not always a simple matter. SGI has cross licensing agreements with a number of other companies, and while we are allowed to do what we like with our own work, we are not allowed to do so with other peoples intellectual property.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@')A group of SGI developers in Australia undertook the task of doing a complete review of the XFS code and doing cross reference searches against other code bases such as SVR4. When a match was found the code had to be replaced. The process did find a few cases of this outside of the core XFS code.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'From the developers point of view this was a very frustrating process, and it delayed the release of a complete XFS source tree by several months.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXXGPLggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgOJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4nxV4B1YSource Code Compatibility
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1r8eLxV4B1bInitial management requirementHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'Common Irix/Linux core codeHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Irix release processHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@' Very tight control, Irix CentricHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@' Linux community requirementsHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'
Clean CodeHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'
The good of the manyHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'DrXX#Code CompatggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg6	JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+	DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[xV4B1iOne of managements first statements in all of this was 'Of course, there will be a single common source base between XFS on Irix and Linux'. This is a good goal from the point of view of maintainability, it makes it simpler to move new developments and bug fixes back and forwards (given correct ownership of the changes). However, there was another  hurdle which got in the way of this, the Irix release process.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'In the past, Irix had a lot of stability problems, and in order to control this, and guarantee things to customers and application developers a very tightly controlled process was put in place.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'The ideal way to create a common code base would be to abstract out a lot of the OS dependencies in XFS on both platforms, and provide a layer to map from common services used by XFS to the OS specific vertions on Linux and Irix. This level of change to the XFS code in Irix is not  something we would be allowed to do without  buy in from a lot of the organization, and a major testing effort.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'RInitial attempts to wrap the Irix code and run it unchanged on Linux lead to some very painful header file constructs, and a not very efficient implementation. Most of the core code has not had to be touched, but there are a large number of minor changes scattered about the code - the buffer cache interface was virtualized for instance.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'1The other aspect of how we end up doing things in Linux are the expectations of good clean code, and not introducing special purpose features which do not fit into the general scheme of things. We are still pulling a couple of nasty tricks which we know will not be accepted int o the mainline Linux tree.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX#Code CompatggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgyJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4gxV4B1RIrix Compatibility
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1>r8eLxV4B1On disk format maintainedHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'Linux XFS is big endianHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Volume manager port startedHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'Application portabilityHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'aProbably a user space library to map Irix fs extensions to Linux calls (no syssgi call in Linux!)Home~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'aDrXX#Irix CompatggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg`JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizendT/E[ExV4B10Initially the XFS port to Linux did not worry about endian issues, and since we were moving from a big endian to little endian platform, we knew this was breaking the on disk format. Since an end goal was on disk compatibilty this had to change. Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX#Irix CompatggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgeJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titelx3]4YxV4B1DXFS Features
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrOb/SVDr&[dJ((Home~LT~Gliederung 1[dJxV4B1!Large File and Filesystem SupportHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'!#2 ^63-1 byte files supported by XFSHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'#Other limits in Linux restrict thisHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Variable block sizeHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'512 bytes to 64 KbytesHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Completely Extent BasedHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'File extents and free spaceHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'DrXX FeaturesggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPgPJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+
DrObSVDr&sT/E[#Home~LT~NotizenTsT/E[5xV4B1#So what does XFS have going for it?Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'K   The XFS code itself supports ridiculously large filesystem and file sizeHome~LT~Notizeng*<(
(@'$      2^63 - 1 maximum file size andHome~LT~Notizeng*<(
(@'"      2^64 maximum filesystem sizeHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'B These limits are actually the Irix limits, on Linux other factors come into play  such as the current 2 Tbyte limit on device size and, once we get beyond that,  pages are frequently referenced via an 32 bit index number. However, anyone who wants this much data in a filesystem can probably move up to a 64 bit platform.Home~LT~Notizeng*<(
(@'o Metadata journalling - All metadata updates are written to a circular log before the actual metadata itself  alowed to be written to disk. The log is used to reconstruct the filesystem to a consistent state after a crash. This also lets us play some tricks which can reduce the number of synchronous disk writes required during a metadata operation to less than one.Home~LT~Notizeng*<(
(@' Extent based encoding of  file blocks and free space,file extents are stored as a tuple of three fields, file offset, starting disk block and length. Small numbers of extents can be recorded in the inode - avoiding any indirect blocks for files which are resonable contigousHome~LT~Notizeng*<(
(@'DrXX FeaturesggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPg(JoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titelw3]4XxV4B1CDisk Layout
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObbSVDr&rfL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1rfLxV4B1!Data, log and realtime subvolumesHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'!Data:metadata + file dataHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Log:circular journalHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Realtime:only file dataHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'	
!Data split into allocation groupsHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'!2Free space and inodes managed per allocation groupHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'2 Can add allocation groups onlineHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@' DrXX#Disk LayoutggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPg|JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+DrObSVDr&T/E[#)Home~LT~NotizenT/E[axV4B1LClick to add notesHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX#Disk LayoutggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgKJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4fxV4B1QXFS Features (allocation)
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1r8eLxV4B1fDelayed allocation supportHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'allocate on flushHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'.Write reserves disk space, decide where later.Home~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Pre-allocation supportHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'Layout file space in advanceHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Direct I/O supportHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'Stripe aware allocatorHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'DrXX"
AllocationggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+DrObuSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[xV4B1In order to ensure that we keep files more contigous on disk, and to reduce the number of transactions during write calls, XFS uses delayed allocation. This is the default path for allocating writes. The in memory verstion of extents supports an extra state where there is no specified disk block. Free space is removed from the super  block and assigned to a particular inode, this is usually done in medium sized chunks. Only when we need to reuse memory for something else, or  periodically, do we go to the allocator to request real disk space. In a file which is written to frequently, this results in one allocator request for multiple write system calls. Clearly, if an application wants to guarantee data is permanent fsync, or O_SYNC should be used.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'We can also preallocate space in a file - this tends to go together with direct  I/O where data is transferred directly between user memory and the device.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Finally, XFS can be told about the stripe unit and width of a filesystem, it will attempt to allocate extents and some metadata on stripe width boundaries to improve access times.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX"
AllocationggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgpJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4cxV4B1NXFS  Features (Inodes)
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&eK(Home~LT~Gliederung 1BeK#xV4B1!Dynamically allocated in clustersHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'!"Default to 2 fs blocks per clusterHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'"Inode size is mkfs optionHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'BFixed core, variable sized fork for extents, directory entries ...Home~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'B 256 byte default, 4Kbyte maximumHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@' Extended attribute forkHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'name=value pairsHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'"Used for ACLs, Capabilites + DMAPIHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'"DrXXInodesggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPg|JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+DrObSVDr&T/E[#)Home~LT~NotizenT/E[axV4B1LClick to add notesHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXXInodesggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4hxV4B1SXFS Inode Structure
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&(ojE|%
Standard(ojE|%xV4B1w
Fixed SizeStandard<(
(@'
Inode CoreStandard<(
(@'+'DrObSVDr&(%kE5
Standard*(%kE5xV4B1Extents,Standard<(
(@'+'	DirectoryStandard<(
(@'+'
Entries orStandard<(
(@'+'Symlink dataStandard<(
(@'+'DrObSVDr&(5jE	H
Standard(5jE	HxV4B1Attribute ForkStandard<(
(@'name=value pairsStandard<(
(@'+'
DrOb#SVDr&Xq 	.Standard*R!9R!9-(-DrCn#DrCn$;PFPFUDrOb$SVDr&B	?Standard*(u#u#?(?DrCn$DrCn$;PFPFUDrOb<SVDr&)I"+Dimension LineH?N(#xV4B1Inode SizeDimension Line<(
(@'
Mkfs optionDimension Line<(
(@'


HDrObuSVDr&P51U4
StandardP51U4DrObuSVDr&(W~)?\2-
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StandardW41\4DrObSVDr&Rw*	X2StandardP(WX+aS51DrCn$DrCn$;PF(#DrObSVDr&XQ,Z2StandardPY2-Y41DrCn$DrCn$
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1DrCn$DrCn$	;(#DrOb[SVDr&P=lbH%DrObuSVDr&PDUH
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StandardU]DlbZHDrObuSVDr&+WDB\[H
Standard+WDB\[HDrObSVDr&R>
XEStandard)W>bSDDrCn$DrCn$;PF(#DrObSVDr&X?ZEStandardY@YDDrCn$DrCn$;xi(#DrObSVDr&_[>`EStandard@\>_DDrCn$DrCn$;(#DrXXDrOb-SVDr&D&Z. <Standard3kE-JN-JN'Y'Y~)DrCn$DrCn$;(#?DrOb0SVDr&D9Z?Standard3jE?JN?JN:Y:Y=DrCn$DrCn'?	;{(#?DrObSVDr&LeJ'!-Object without fillLeJDrObUSVDr&"Och$".Standard"Och$xV4B1Out of lineStandard<(
(@'+'BtreeStandard<(
(@'+'BlocksStandard<(
(@'+'DrXX$Inode layoutggNHome~LT~GliederungDrPgvJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenzT/E[[xV4B1DIn XFS inodes are not  allocated at mkfs time, but dynamically. If a new inode is needed and none are available then a new cluster of inodes is allocated and added to the free inode map (which is a btree!)Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Inodes themselves can be different sizes, this is a mkfs option. The reason for this option is that XFS can store some metadata associated with the inode within the inode itself. So Directories with a few entries, extent information, and extended attributes can all be held within the inode. This reduces the number of disk accesses required when all data can be held within the inode.Finally, as well as data within a file, there is also an extended attribute fork, this can be used to hold a name=value pairs. These are accessible via the system call interface, and in a couple of special cases can be managed and used by the kernel itself. Irix uses extended attributes to hold access control lists, capabilities associated with a file, and data migration information.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX$Inode layoutggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgbJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4axV4B1LXFS Features
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrOb$SVDr&68ejE('Home~LT~Gliederung 168ejExV4B1Btree Based On Disk StructuresHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@' Directories, Extents, Free SpaceHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@' Completely multi-threadedHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'Runs on 512 CPU machinesHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'(Can handle multiple parallel allocationsHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'(Realtime supportHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@' Separate deterministic allocatorHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@' DrXX%
Misc FeaturesggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+DrObhSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[xV4B1Other features of XFS are:Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'8Btree based on disk structures for faster searching. Directory blocks are organized this way, which allows for faster lookup in large directories. Free space information is held as two trees, one organized by location, and the other by size. Extent information is also held as a tree for highly fragmented files.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'XFS Runs on extremely high cpu count systems, for those with large budgets, you can buy a 512 processor MIPS based system, and run a single copy of  Irix on it. This is not too relevant to Linux, in fact some might argue it is a disadvantage for single cpu machines. It does mean that there is no single point of lock contention within the filesystem - of course, if every process is working on the same file it is a different story!Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'One example of this the the way the filesystem is divided into allocation groups. These each contain their own free space and inode clusters. Allocations can be in progress in multiple allocation groups in parallel.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Finally, realtime, as well as the allocation groups, XFS can manage another area of disk space known as the realtime subvolume. This only contains file data, all metadata is held in the allocation groups. The realtime subvolume has its own allocator which has different characteristics, it uses a more deterministic algorithm to provide a more predictable performance pattern, and it uses a binary chop process to lay out extents. This makes fragmentation rare, at the cost of ineffecient use of  space.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX%
Misc FeaturesggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg2JoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel}3]4^xV4B1IDirectory Layouts
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&3 l*ZDrObSVDr&3 l*'(!-Object without fill3 l*DrObSVDr&)#
%Standard)#xV4B1Fixed InodeStandard<(
(@'+'CoreStandard<(
(@'+'DrObSVDr&)e *
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(@'+'	EntriesStandard<(
(@'+'DrXXDrObSVDr&07Um*DrObSVDr&0?m*'(!-Object without fill0?m*DrObSVDr&0$>
%Standard0$>xV4B1Fixed InodeStandard<(
(@'+'CoreStandard<(
(@'+'DrObSVDr&|G? 7U)
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(@'+'	EntriesStandard<(
(@'+'DrObSVDr& >]H% Standard? |G%DrCn$DrCn$;PFDrXXDrObSVDr&.B'(!-Object without fill.BDrObSVDr&6/8
%Standard6/8xV4B1Fixed InodeStandard<(
(@'+'CoreStandard<(
(@'+'DrObSVDr&*Av8K
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(@'+'	EntriesStandard<(
(@'+'DrObSVDr&PAB^K
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(@'!DrXX#JournallingggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg|JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+DrObSVDr&T/E[#)Home~LT~NotizenT/E[axV4B1LClick to add notesHome~LT~Notizen<(
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(@''DrXX&Journalling #2ggNHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+!DrObISVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[xV4B1At transaction commit time, the modified incore metadata is copied to incore log buffers, we then pin the metadata, which prevents it from being written out to disk, and unlock the metadata buffers, making them available to other threads.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@']This is the end of most transactions - note that we have not written anything at all to disk.Home~LT~Notizen<(
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(@''DrObSVDr&$f-*(/Standard.(%G.)G.DrObSVDr&?-DO/Standard@n.Dn.DrXXDrXX'Journalliong #4ggJHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeMnKFdDrLyLayoutDrLy
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(@'If we relog metadata into a new transaction when it is already in the AIL we move it forwards in the AIL which can also move the tail of the log.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Finally, when you are reserving space for a new transaction, and the head of the log is too close to the tail, you move the tail by flushing out the metadata closest to the end of the AIL.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'If I explained recovery as well, then the end result would be that we can always get the filesystem back to a consistent metadata state by replaying the log. This state is not guaranteed to be the last state the filesystem was in before the crash, just something close to it.Home~LT~Notizen<(
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Home~LT~Titel<(
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(@'Block Device InterfaceHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'System CallsHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
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(@'DrXX"
InterfacesggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPg|JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j++DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[axV4B1LClick to add notesHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX"
InterfacesggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgNJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4gxV4B1RThe VFS Glue Layer
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObxSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1r8eLxV4B1@A thin layer maps from Linux VFS calls to vnode based operationsHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'+'@,Can support stacking which is needed by CXFSHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@',8Linux VFS implements more fs functionality than Irix VFSHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'81Gradually removing XFS code which duplicates thisHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'1DrXX VFS GlueggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg|JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+-DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[axV4B1LClick to add notesHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX VFS GlueggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg"JoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrOb
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template1eearial~LT~Titel3]xV4B1rLinux VFS -> LINVFS -> XFS opstemplate1eearial~LT~Titel<(
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DrOb$SVDr&8q<-Standard*;R8R8,<;,DrCn$DrCn$;PFPFUDrXX$Linvfs layerggVtemplate1eearial~LT~GliederungDrPgNJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&<6AG,/DrObSVDr&.JI^/
template1eearial~LT~NotizenF.JI^'xV4B1qSo here we see a picture of the various structures and operations vectors involved (OK, I know some are missing).template1eearial~LT~Notizen<(
(@'The XFS specific part of the linux inode is not the xfs inode it is the vnode, this is actually a small subset of the irix vnode. Initially it was maintaining its own count field independent of the linux inode count, this was a obviously a disaster waiting to happen and had to go!template1eearial~LT~Notizen<(
(@'The vnode points at a chain of behavior structures, currently we only have one, potentially we could have stacked behaviors, in the case of CXFS, a layer is interposed between XFS and the VFS layer.template1eearial~LT~Notizen<(
(@'This does not seem to be too expensive, but it does complicate things in terms of there still being replicated fields between the linux and xfs inodes, hopefully we can reduce that over time.template1eearial~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX$Linvfs layerggZtemplate1eearial~LT~GliederungDrPg:JoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4ixV4B1TMissing System Calls
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1r8eLsxV4B1RSpace pre-allocationHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'reserve, unreserveHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Extended attribute supportHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'attrset, attrget, attrwalkHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'ACL + MAC settingHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Realtime Inode attributesHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'extent size settingHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'DrXX%
Missing CallsggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg|JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+1DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[axV4B1LClick to add notesHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX%
Missing CallsggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgmJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4bxV4B1M
64 Bit Issues
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'
DrOb.SVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1r8eLxV4B1XFS ino_t is 64 bit quantityHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'	:Once a filesystem grows beyond 2 Tbytes we have work to doHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@':Device addressabilityHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'hopefully solved via kiobufsHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Directory offsetsHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'64 bit in some casesHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Glibc dirent != kernel direntHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'DrXX%
64 bit issuesggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg|JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+3DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[axV4B1LClick to add notesHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX%
64 bit issuesggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel|3]4]xV4B1HThe Buffer Cache
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1Zr8eL;xV4B15Linux defines I/O in terms of fixed size buffer headsHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'5XFS has variable size metadataHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'512 bytes to 64 KbytesHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'<XFS transaction code needs control of write to disk sequenceHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'<:Long term Linux goal of caching metadata in the page cacheHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@':DrXX$Buffer CacheggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPg'JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+5DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[vxV4B1[8The traditional linux I/O path defines I/O down to devices in terms of fixed size buffer heads. You get to pick one size of request with which to talk to the device driver interface. All the work of collecting multiple buffer head requests into a larger request to the I/O device is handled in the request layer.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'This is OK is you start designing your filesystem with this in mind. In XFS's case however, we have variable size metadata, with some components being 512 bytes. If we follow the rule of  fixed size buffer heads this means we end up with a lot of them! It also tends to mess up your performance and memory consumption. We also want to be able to lock access to metadata objects, not fixed size bits of metadata objects.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Next, as I already explained we need to pin metadata in memory for the transaction processing part of XFS, and the way XFS is structured, I am not sure we can do that with the write ordering contraint mechanisms which have been talked about for ext3.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Finally, there has, for a long time, been this implied direction of caching metadata in pages. So, as if we did not have enough other things to deal with, we decided to do this as well!Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX$Buffer CacheggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg.JoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel~3]4_xV4B1JThe Pagebuf Module
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1r8eLqxV4B1R(All filesystem data cached in page cacheHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'(VM system handles page reclaimHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Manages metadata and file dataHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'Uses kiobuf as I/O mechanismHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'ESupport added to SCSI driver, IDE in progress, Volume managers comingHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'ELocking at pagebuf levelHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'DrXX PagebufsggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+7DrObVSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[xV4B1!So we ended up creating pagebufs.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'nAll filesystem data, both file and metadata is cached in pages. As with other linux filesystems, each inode has it's own address space, there is also a special address space for the metadata for a filesystem. This means that as well as for filedata, the VM system now does the page reclaim for metadata as well - so lets get those try to free pages algorithms right!Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'+'QA pagebuf is built on top of a kiobuf, this is our container for pages, we have added support to the SCSI driver layer to understand kiobufs directly. We have had help from Suse in the IDE version of this code, and volume manager support should be on its way. If all else fails we setup some buffer heads and do it the old fashioned way.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'+'Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'+'DrXX PagebufsggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg!JoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4cxV4B1NPagebuf Based File I/O
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSSVDr&48eK(Home~LT~Gliederung 148eKxV4B1 Extent based allocator interfaceHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@' "Support for delayed allocate pagesHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'"DDisk blocks not assigned or written to disk until pressured to do soHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'22;;DPeriodic Page CleanerHome~LT~Gliederung 3<(
(@'Memory PressureHome~LT~Gliederung 3<(
(@'
Clustered I/OHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'
/Adjacent pages processed in single I/O  requestHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'/DrXX File I/OggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPgJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+9DrOb[SVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[xV4B1We really have two distinct sets of uses of pagebufs, file I/O which does not actually always contruct a pagebuf, and metadata which always does.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'For file I/O we have an extent based allocator interface provided by the filesystem (XFS is the only such provider). There are separate read/write paths from the normal block based functions which use this allocator interface. This lets us get by with less allocator calls.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DWe also added support for delayed allocate pages, these are pages which contain filedata, but cannot be written back to disk without going back to the allocator. Pages are populated during the write call, and a separate page cleaner daemon is responsible for converting them to have real disk addresses and writing them out.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'The interface to the allocator is structured so that we ask for a disk address for a specific page of data, the allocator knows how long the complete delalloc extent is, and can convert the whole thing to real disk blocks, and return the complete range of the file which is contiguous with this page. We can now go get the surrounding pages, place them in a pagebuf, and write the whole thing in one go.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'KVarious other places in the system also need to be aware of delalloc pages.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX File I/OggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgcJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4cxV4B1NPagebuf Based Metadata
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1+r8eLxV4B1Locking at the pagebuf levelHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'.Single thread access to variable size metadataHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'Support for pinningHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'EPinned pagebufs are available to other threads, but cannot be writtenHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'EDoes its own writebackHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'DrXX$Metadata I/OggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgbJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+;DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenfT/E[GxV4B1*Locking is available at the pagebuf level, and can be turned on or off for individual inodes. Metadata uses it, file data does not.. When XFS needs a piece of metadata it calls pagebuf which does a lookup operation for an existing pagebuf on that block range, and obtains the lock on it . If no matching pagebuf exists, one is created and returned locked. Very similar to buffer heads, but on variable sized chunks.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'In the case where no pagebuf exists, then we may either find the pages cached in the address space for the inode, or have to create them, and fill them in from disk if required. For metadata we keep the pagebuf around from the initial create request until it is finally written to disk. We may tweak this and keep them around for longer to give us more control over which pages in the address space are available to be recycled.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Pinning is implemented as type of hold count on the pagebuf, you can bump the pin count and decrement the pin count, you can also wait for a pagebuf to get unpinned. A count is required instead of a flag since one piece of metadata could end up in more than one transaction and iclog buffer at once, only when the last iclog hits disk can we allow the metadata itself to be written out..Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'^Pagebuf is very much a work in progress, Rick Van Reil - see me afterwards, we need some help!Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX$Metadata I/OggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg{JoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4gxV4B1RStatus of the Port
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrOb7SVDr&)EfJ(Home~LT~Gliederung 1)EfJxV4B1Running in 2.4.0-test1 on ia32Home~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'!Mips port has mounted filesystemsHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'! On disk compatible with Irix XFSHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@' Basic utilities portedHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'mkfs/repair/xfs_db workingHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'(dump/restore in progress (worked today!)Home~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'(#Volume manager interface needs workHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'#DrXX#Port StatusggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPg>JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+=DrOb
SVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[xV4B1oSo where are we at the moment?Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'We have a working filesystem running in 2.4.0-test1, there should be code on the conference CD, it is out of date! go to the web site at oss.sgi.com.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'@We have been doing all of our work on ia32 platforms, someone just spent their 4th off July weekend getting the MIPs version to boot and mount filesystems. The user space code is finally getting closer to a state where it will be easier to build on other architectures, so maybe people can start trying things out there.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'PRqWe are disk format compatible with Irix XFS, and that is independedent of which Linux architecture you are using.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'RMost of the XFS user space is present, dump and restore are still being worked on.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'We have almost exclusively being using single disk filesystems, some LVM work has been done, but this is an area which needs work.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX#Port StatusggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgSJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titel3]4`xV4B1KFuture Work
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&58eI(Home~LT~Gliederung 158eIxV4B1tPerformance.....Home~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'Pagebuf + Linux VM integrationHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'Realtime + Guaranteed Rate I/OHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'#Complete realtime subvolume supportHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'#Port XVM to LinuxHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'SGI's logical volume managerHome~LT~Gliederung 2
<(
(@'CXFS - Clustered XFS for SANsHome~LT~Gliederung 1	<(
(@'DrXX#Future WorkggRHome~LT~GliederungDrPgGJoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+?DrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenKT/E[,xV4B1!We can always do performance workHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'4- the I/O clustering can be improved, lots of thingsHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'FWe need long term to get pagebuf better integrated with the VM system.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'JWe can also go work on the realtime and guaranteed rate I/O end of things.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'hThe XVM port to Linux has been moving very slowly - mostly a headcount thing - we keep losing the heads!Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'^And then, once all of this gets into a reasonable state I get to go do it all again with CXFS.Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'Home~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX#Future WorkggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPgRJoeM$mVTDrML8DrMD,DrObSVDr&3]4!
Home~LT~Titelv3]4WxV4B1B
References
Home~LT~Titel<(
(@'DrObSVDr&r8eL(Home~LT~Gliederung 1(r8eL	xV4B1Project Web SiteHome~LT~Gliederung 1<(
(@'Home~LT~Gliederung 2<(
(@'(CVS tree + patches, mailing list archiveHome~LT~Gliederung 3<(
(@'(Mailing ListHome~LT~Gliederung 1<(
(@'Home~LT~Gliederung 2<(
(@'Subscribe via Home~LT~Gliederung 2<(
(@'DrXX"
ReferencesggVHome~LT~GliederungDrPg|JoeMnKFdDrML8DrMD,DrOb<SVDr&S?j+ADrObSVDr&T/E[#Home~LT~NotizenT/E[axV4B1LClick to add notesHome~LT~Notizen<(
(@'DrXX"
ReferencesggVHome~LT~GliederungDrXX!Generic PrinterSGENPRT PostScriptgQtRQtd,,lprdefault_queueSGENPRTPageSize:A4Resolution:600dpi	DrVwPSVDr
SVDr:SVDr{{SVDrALayout:SVDr{{SVDr#SVDr SVDr#SVDr0SVDr1SVDr3SVDr4SVDr@SVDrSVDrDSVDrPSVDrQDrHLDrHLDrHLU <Custom

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