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% Copyright (c) 1986,87,89,90,91 by Frame Technology Corporation.
% All rights reserved.
%
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% Due to bugs in Transcript, the 'PS-Adobe-' is omitted from line 1
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%%EndProlog
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
0 X
0 K
(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Superblock Management) 72 42.62 T
(December 10, 1993) 255.07 42.62 T
(1) 500 42.62 T
1 24 Q
(xFS Superblock Management) 163.42 704 T
2 12 Q
(Adam Sweeney) 266.86 664 T
2 16 Q
(1.0 Intr) 72 621.33 T
(oduction) 127.23 621.33 T
1 12 Q
-0.17 (In the xFS \336le system, the superblock is a centralized resource which is modi\336ed by most transac-) 72 594 P
(tions. This makes its potential for becoming a bottleneck very high. The reason for this is that) 72 580 T
(once a transaction modi\336es a resource, that resource cannot be made visible to other transactions) 72 566 T
(until the \336rst is committed. If a resource such as the superblock is accessed by many transactions) 72 552 T
(and each holds the resource for a signi\336cant period of time, the transactions will become bottle-) 72 538 T
-0.12 (necked waiting for access to the resource. In order to prevent this problem, in xFS the superblock) 72 524 P
-0.23 (will be modi\336ed through routines designed to minimize the amount of time the superblock is kept) 72 510 P
(locked.) 72 496 T
(The reason the superblock is modi\336ed so much is that it contains counters of the total number of) 72 470 T
-0.35 (inodes in the \336le system, the total number of free inodes in the \336le system, and the total number of) 72 456 P
(free blocks in the \336le system. It is these counters that will be modi\336ed most of the time, so it is) 72 442 T
(updates to them that will be optimized. This is consistent with the general rule of optimizing for) 72 428 T
(the common case.) 72 414 T
-0.46 (While updates to the superblock counters are the most common, other \336elds of the superblock will) 72 388 P
-0.33 (need to be modi\336ed within transactions occasionally) 72 374 P
-0.33 (. The interfaces for this uncommon path must) 321.1 374 P
(work with those for the fast path without breaking anything. All of this must also be coordinated) 72 360 T
(with access to the in-core copy of the superblock.) 72 346 T
-0.46 (This document describes the mechanisms to be used in xFS to solve these problems. The solutions) 72 320 P
(chosen and the programming interfaces derived from those solutions are described below) 72 306 T
(.) 499.23 306 T
2 16 Q
(2.0 Superblock management) 72 265.33 T
1 12 Q
(This section gives a brief description of the schemes chosen for superblock managment in xFS.) 72 238 T
2 14 Q
(2.1 The superblock buffer) 72 204.67 T
1 12 Q
(Instead of being kept in a common buf) 72 178 T
(fer cache buf) 257.32 178 T
(fer accessed through the normal getblk\050\051/) 319.7 178 T
(bread\050\051 path, the xFS superblock will be kept in a buf) 72 164 T
(fer private to the \336le system. This way the) 327.94 164 T
(buf) 72 150 T
(fer cache code, such as that in bd\337ush\050\051, will never mess with our superblock buf) 87.77 150 T
(fer) 476.6 150 T
(. This) 489.25 150 T
-0.35 (means, of course, that we are entirely responsible for making sure that the superblock is \337ushed to) 72 136 P
-0.25 (disk when necessary) 72 122 P
-0.25 (. Since the xfs_sync\050\051 routine will be called periodically anyway) 169.32 122 P
-0.25 (, \337ushing the) 475.43 122 P
(superblock from there when necessary should be more than enough.) 72 108 T
(The superblock buf) 72 82 T
(fer will simply be pointed to by a pointer kept in the mount structure. Access) 165.04 82 T
(to the buf) 72 68 T
(fer will be through the xfs_getsb\050\051 and xfs_trans_getsb\050\051 routines described in detail) 117.75 68 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "1" 2
%%Page: "2" 2
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
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(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Superblock Management) 72 42.62 T
(December 10, 1993) 255.07 42.62 T
(2) 500 42.62 T
1 12 Q
-0.02 (below) 72 712 P
-0.02 (. These routines are responsible for properly synchronizing access to the superblock buf) 100.53 712 P
-0.02 (fer) 521.37 712 P
-0.02 (.) 534.03 712 P
(The buf) 72 698 T
(fer will only be read in from disk at mount time, and from then on the buf) 109.42 698 T
(fer will be kept) 462.64 698 T
(in sync with the on-disk copy of the superblock. This ensures that accesses to the superblock are) 72 684 T
(never delayed to do I/O because some other resource forced the buf) 72 670 T
(fer to be recycled.) 395.83 670 T
2 14 Q
(2.2 Superblock modi\336cations) 72 636.67 T
1 12 Q
-0.24 (In order to minimize the amount of time the superblock buf) 72 610 P
-0.24 (fer is kept locked during a transaction,) 354.5 610 P
(the superblock will not actually be locked and changed until just before the transaction commits.) 72 596 T
(This will ensure that the buf) 72 582 T
(fer is not held locked while waiting for other resources to be read in) 206.7 582 T
-0.02 (from disk or to be released by other transactions. This works \336ne for the counters which are mod-) 72 568 P
(i\336ed in the common case, as their updates consist of amounts to add or subtract from counters) 72 554 T
(rather than absolute numbers. These updates can be delayed until the end of the transaction with-) 72 540 T
(out violating the correctness of the transactions. The user of a transaction will indicate that a) 72 526 T
(change needs to be applied to a superblock counter with a call to xfs_trans_mod_sb\050\051. This rou-) 72 512 T
(tine will be responsible for recording the requested change and making sure that it is applied to) 72 498 T
(the superblock as part of the transaction.) 72 484 T
(When \336elds of the superblock other than the counters need to be modi\336ed, the superblock buf) 72 458 T
(fer) 521.47 458 T
(can be accessed just as any other buf) 72 444 T
(fer except that it must be obtained with a call to xfs_trans_-) 247.97 444 T
(getsb\050\051 rather than xfs_trans_getblk\050\051/xfs_trans_bread\050\051. Calls to xfs_trans_log_buf\050\051 using the) 72 430 T
(superblock buf) 72 416 T
(fer will work \336ne and can even be intermixed with the use of xfs_trans_mod_sb\050\051.) 143.4 416 T
2 14 Q
(2.3 In-cor) 72 382.67 T
(e superblock) 133.54 382.67 T
1 12 Q
(The in-core superblock can be used to look up information about the \336le system which doesn\325) 72 356 T
(t) 522.47 356 T
(change as well as system summary information. The superblock buf) 72 342 T
(fer should only be accessed) 398.22 342 T
(when something is being changed. The \336elds in the in-core superblock which do change are pro-) 72 328 T
(tected by the m_sb_lock spin lock in the mount structure. This lock can be used to ensure that) 72 314 T
(what is being looked at is consistent. The code that modi\336es the in-core superblock after a trans-) 72 300 T
(action which modi\336ed the superblock commits uses this lock to protect its updates.) 72 286 T
2 16 Q
(3.0 Superblock managment interfaces) 72 245.33 T
2 14 Q
(3.1 xfs_trans_mod_sb\050\051) 72 210.67 T
1 12 Q
(xfs_trans_mod_sb\050\051 is used to apply changes to the counters in the superblock without immedi-) 72 184 T
(ately locking the superblock buf) 72 170 T
(fer) 226.34 170 T
(. The prototype for the function is:) 239 170 T
3 9 Q
(void) 72 152 T
(xfs_trans_mod_sb\050xfs_trans_t *tp, uint f) 108 152 T
(ield, int delta\051;) 323.7 152 T
1 12 Q
(The \336eld ar) 72 128 T
(gument speci\336es to which of the counters the number passed in the delta parameter) 127.07 128 T
-0.23 (should be added. T) 72 114 P
-0.23 (o subtract from a given counter a negative value should be passed in delta. The) 161.74 114 P
(valid values for the \336eld parameter are:) 72 100 T
3 9 Q
(XFS_SB_ICOUNT -- Apply the delta to the sb_icount f) 108 82 T
(ield) 383.02 82 T
(XFS_SB_IFREE -- Apply the delta to the sb_ifree f) 108 71 T
(ield) 372.23 71 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "2" 3
%%Page: "3" 3
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
0 X
0 K
(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Superblock Management) 72 42.62 T
(December 10, 1993) 255.07 42.62 T
(3) 500 42.62 T
3 9 Q
(XFS_SB_FDBLOCKS -- Apply the delta to the sb_fdblocks f) 108 714 T
(ield) 404.58 714 T
(XFS_SB_FREXTENTS -- Apply the delta to the sb_frextents f) 108 703 T
(ield) 415.37 703 T
1 12 Q
-0.25 (When xfs_trans_commit\050\051 is called the superblock buf) 72 679 P
-0.25 (fer will be locked by the transaction and all) 331.42 679 P
(speci\336ed deltas will be applied to it. The deltas are commulative, so the same \336eld may be speci-) 72 665 T
-0.08 (\336ed in multiple calls to xfs_trans_mod_sb\050\051 within a given transaction. Once the transaction com-) 72 651 P
(mits, the deltas will also be applied to the in-core copy of the superblock.) 72 637 T
2 14 Q
(3.2 xfs_trans_getsb\050\051) 72 603.67 T
1 12 Q
(xfs_trans_getsb\050\051 is used to lock the superblock buf) 72 577 T
(fer within a transaction. This should only be) 319.28 577 T
(used when the transaction needs to modify \336elds in the superblock other than those that can be) 72 563 T
(modi\336ed by xfs_trans_mod_sb\050\051. The results of this function are just like those of xfs_trans_-) 72 549 T
(bread\050\051, but it is only used to obtain the superblock. The function prototype is:) 72 535 T
3 9 Q
(buf_t) 72 517 T
(*xfs_trans_getsb\050xfs_trans_t *tp\051;) 108 517 T
1 12 Q
(The buf) 72 493 T
(fer can be released with a call to xfs_trans_brelse\050\051. No special call is necessary) 109.42 493 T
(.) 490.98 493 T
2 14 Q
(3.3 xfs_getsb\050\051) 72 459.67 T
1 12 Q
(xfs_getsb\050\051 is just like xfs_trans_getsb\050\051 except that it can be used outside of a transaction. It) 72 433 T
(returns a pointer to the locked superblock buf) 72 419 T
(fer) 289.96 419 T
(. This buf) 302.61 419 T
(fer should never be modi\336ed, however) 348.7 419 T
(,) 533.41 419 T
(as the superblock can only be updated within transactions. Most of the time the information) 72 405 T
(needed should also be available from the in-core superblock, so use of this function is discour-) 72 391 T
(aged. The prototype for the function is:) 72 377 T
3 9 Q
(buf_t) 72 359 T
(*xfs_getsb\050xfs_mount_t *mp\051;) 108 359 T
2 14 Q
(3.4 xfs_mod_incor) 72 327.67 T
(e_sb\050\051) 184.85 327.67 T
1 12 Q
(xfs_mod_incore_sb\050\051 is used to modify the in-core copy of the superblock. Its prototype is:) 72 301 T
3 9 Q
(int) 72 283 T
(xfs_mod_incore_sb\050xfs_mount_t *mp, uint f) 108 283 T
(ield, int delta\051;) 329.09 283 T
1 12 Q
(The \336eld parameter indicates the \336eld of the superblock to which to apply the given delta. This) 72 259 T
(routine takes care of acquiring the spin lock protecting the in-core superblock. It currently only) 72 245 T
(supports updates to the \336elds available through xfs_trans_mod_sb\050\051 speci\336ed above, but this can) 72 231 T
(be expanded as necessary) 72 217 T
(.) 194.1 217 T
(This routine enforces the assumption that the counters in the superblock never go below 0. If a) 72 191 T
-0.08 (delta is speci\336ed that would cause such a condition, then the delta will not be applied and the rou-) 72 177 P
(tine will return EINV) 72 163 T
(AL.) 173.38 163 T
2 14 Q
(3.5 xfs_mod_incor) 72 129.67 T
(e_sb_batch\050\051) 184.85 129.67 T
1 12 Q
-0.34 (xfs_mod_incore_sb_batch\050\051 is used to apply multiple deltas to multiple \336elds in the superblock. It) 72 103 P
(takes an array of xfs_mod_sb_t structures each of which specify a \336eld and a delta for that \336eld.) 72 89 T
(By allowing the caller to specify multiple deltas to be applied to the superblock, this routine) 72 75 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "3" 4
%%Page: "4" 4
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
0 X
0 K
(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Superblock Management) 72 42.62 T
(December 10, 1993) 255.07 42.62 T
(4) 500 42.62 T
1 12 Q
(allows multiple updates to be atomically applied and reduces the locking overhead necessary for) 72 712 T
0 (multiple calls to xfs_mod_incore_sb\050\051. The prototype for the function and the xfs_mod_sb_t de\336-) 72 698 P
(nition are:) 72 684 T
3 9 Q
(typedef struct xfs_mod_sb {) 72 666 T
(uint) 90 655 T
(msb_f) 144 655 T
(ield;) 170.96 655 T
(/* the f) 252 655 T
(ield to which to apply msb_delta */) 295.14 655 T
(int) 90 644 T
(msb_delta;) 144 644 T
(/* the amount to add to the specif) 252 644 T
(ied f) 435.34 644 T
(ield */) 462.31 644 T
(xfs_mod_sb_t;) 72 633 T
(int) 72 611 T
(xfs_mod_incore_sb_batch\050xfs_mount_t *mp, xfs_mod_sb_t *msb, uint nmsb\051;) 108 611 T
1 12 Q
(Like xfs_mod_incore_sb\050\051, this routine handles the locking protecting the superblock and) 72 587 T
(enforces the restriction that no counter in the superblock may go below 0. If any of the speci\336ed) 72 573 T
(deltas would cause such a condition, then none of the deltas will be applied and the function will) 72 559 T
(return EINV) 72 545 T
(AL.) 130.73 545 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "4" 5
%%Trailer
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%%Pages: 4 1
%%DocumentFonts: Palatino-Roman
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