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File: [Development] / xfs-website / design_docs / xfsdocs93_ps / req.ps (download)

Revision 1.1, Wed Mar 29 22:55:50 2000 UTC (17 years, 7 months ago) by cattelan
Branch: MAIN
CVS Tags: HEAD

Add files with -kb flag

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(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
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(xFS Pr) 72 42.62 T
(oject Description) 94.61 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(1) 500 42.62 T
1 24 Q
(xFS Project Description) 190.73 704 T
2 12 Q
(Doug Doucette) 268.2 664 T
2 16 Q
(1.0  Scope of pr) 72 621.33 T
(oject) 176.98 621.33 T
1 12 Q
1.1 (This project is concerned with producing a \322next generation\323 \336le system for IRIX. Included in) 72 594 P
-0.25 (this is the underlying volume manager) 72 580 P
-0.25 (, disk driver) 254.49 580 P
-0.25 (, buf) 311.14 580 P
-0.25 (fer cache and virtual memory support. Also) 332.66 580 P
(included are additional semantics added for reasons such as standardization, new products, etc.) 72 566 T
2 16 Q
(2.0  High-level goals) 72 525.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 502 T
1 F
0.18 (Lar) 85.75 502 P
0.18 (ge systems must be saleable as scienti\336c \336le and compute servers, as commercial data pro-) 102.18 502 P
(cessing servers, and as digital media servers.) 85.75 488 T
3 F
(\245) 72 468 T
1 F
1.64 (The same software must be able to run on all supported SGI machines, in particular small) 85.75 468 P
(machines must be supported well.) 85.75 454 T
3 F
(\245) 72 434 T
1 F
(The \336lesystem should replace EFS completely) 85.75 434 T
(, i.e. it should do everything that EFS does.) 307.83 434 T
3 F
(\245) 72 414 T
1 F
(The volume manager should replace the current two volume managers completely) 85.75 414 T
(.) 479.33 414 T
3 F
(\245) 72 394 T
1 F
(The \336lesystem must out-perform EFS on benchmarks that represent useful activity) 85.75 394 T
(.) 481.37 394 T
3 F
(\245) 72 374 T
1 F
-0.09 (The \336lesystem must support high availability by recovering quickly from failures and by keep-) 85.75 374 P
(ing its disk-based data in a consistent state at all times.) 85.75 360 T
3 F
(\245) 72 340 T
1 F
0.96 (The \336lesystem and volume manager must support future extensions in certain speci\336c areas,) 85.75 340 P
(i.e. high availability) 85.75 326 T
(, distributed \336le systems, and user transactions.) 180.92 326 T
2 16 Q
(3.0  Detailed r) 72 285.33 T
(equir) 167.64 285.33 T
(ements) 203.78 285.33 T
1 12 Q
1.14 (The goals from section 2 should guide us in determining a detailed set of requirements for the) 72 258 P
0.94 (project. These are broken up into groups below) 72 244 P
0.94 (. Items in the \322implementation\323 sections are not) 304.27 244 P
-0.12 (really requirements in the same sense that the \322functionality\323 items are; they represent our current) 72 230 P
1.06 (ideas about how to ful\336ll the functional requirements. In each section, the items are not in any) 72 216 P
(particular order) 72 202 T
(.) 145.6 202 T
2 14 Q
(3.1  File system functionality) 72 168.67 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 148 T
1 F
-0.01 (Implement asynchronous I/O, direct I/O, and synchronous I/O as is done in EFS, in addition to) 85.75 148 P
(\322normal\323 \050buf) 85.75 134 T
(fered\051 I/O.) 153.14 134 T
3 F
(\245) 72 114 T
1 F
0.13 (Ef) 85.75 114 P
0.13 (\336cient support for very lar) 96.85 114 P
0.13 (ge \336les, where very lar) 223.07 114 P
0.13 (ge means a 64 bit size. There should be lit-) 332.95 114 P
0.82 (tle or no performance penalty to access blocks in dif) 85.75 100 P
0.82 (ferent areas of the \336le. Some disk space) 343.73 100 P
0.16 (penalty \050for indices, for example\051 is allowed to increase performance. Linear searches through) 85.75 86 P
(the \336lesystem data structures to get to blocks at the end of a lar) 85.75 72 T
(ge \336le are unacceptable.) 387.66 72 T
FMENDPAGE
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
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(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
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(xFS Pr) 72 42.62 T
(oject Description) 94.61 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(2) 500 42.62 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 712 T
1 F
0.63 (Ef) 85.75 712 P
0.63 (\336cient support for sparse \336les. Arbitrary \322holes\323 must be supported, areas of the \336le which) 96.85 712 P
0.07 (have never been written and which read back as zeroes. The representation must be disk-space) 85.75 698 P
-0.06 (ef) 85.75 684 P
-0.06 (\336cient as well as cpu-time ef) 94.86 684 P
-0.06 (\336cient in retrieval of old data and insertion of new data. There is) 231.92 684 P
-0.21 (no requirement to detect blocks of zeroes being written in order to replace them with holes \050nor) 85.75 670 P
-0.04 (is it forbidden\051. This capability is important for some scienti\336c and compute-intensive applica-) 85.75 656 P
(tions, as well as for Hierarchical Storage Management \050HSM\051.) 85.75 642 T
3 F
(\245) 72 622 T
1 F
-0.29 (Ef) 85.75 622 P
-0.29 (\336cient support for very small \336les, under 1kb or so. A normal root or usr \336lesystem has many) 96.85 622 P
0.85 (such \336les, as does a \336lesystem which contains program sources. Most symbolic links \336t into) 85.75 608 P
(this category) 85.75 594 T
(, as well.) 146.6 594 T
3 F
(\245) 72 574 T
1 F
0.62 (Ef) 85.75 574 P
0.62 (\336cient support for lar) 96.85 574 P
0.62 (ge directories, both for searches and for insertions and deletions. This) 200.08 574 P
(implies some index scheme, to avoid linear searches through a long directory) 85.75 560 T
(.) 455.38 560 T
3 F
(\245) 72 540 T
1 F
0.47 (The time to recover from failure does not increase with the size of the \336lesystem. The time is) 85.75 540 P
0.97 (allowed to increase with the level of activity in the \336lesystem at the time of the failure. The) 85.75 526 P
-0.21 (recovery scheme must not scan all inodes, or all directories, to ensure consistency) 85.75 512 P
-0.21 (. This implies) 474.79 512 P
-0.18 (that consistency is guaranteed by use of a log, since the alternative \050synchronous behavior as in) 85.75 498 P
(MS-DOS\051 is unacceptably slow) 85.75 484 T
(.) 237.21 484 T
3 F
(\245) 72 464 T
1 F
1.05 (Recovery never backs out changes that were \322committed\323 after returning successfully to the) 85.75 464 P
-0.19 (user) 85.75 450 P
-0.19 (. Some operations must be synchronous, at least as far as the log writes are concerned. Cer-) 105.07 450 P
0.5 (tainly this includes \336le creation and deletion, and does not include ordinary \050buf) 85.75 436 P
0.5 (fered\051 writes.) 475.57 436 P
([There is already some disagreement about this section.]) 85.75 422 T
3 F
(\245) 72 402 T
1 F
-0.08 (Supports ACLs and other POSIX.6 functionality) 85.75 402 P
-0.08 (. This includes some form of support for Man-) 317.77 402 P
(datory Access Controls, Information Labeling \050?\051, and auditing.) 85.75 388 T
3 F
(\245) 72 368 T
1 F
0.77 (Supports extents, logically contiguous regions in a single \336le. It is not a requirement that the) 85.75 368 P
0.73 (extents be exposed in the programming interface to the user) 85.75 354 P
0.73 (. This is primarily a performance) 378.46 354 P
0.46 (issue but we may choose to make the extent sizes visible or settable per) 85.75 340 P
0.46 (-\336le. W) 434.2 340 P
0.46 (e must also be) 470.34 340 P
-0.28 (able to ensure the user that their \336les are contiguous, implying that there is some way to display) 85.75 326 P
(layout information, and some way to make a \336le contiguous \050fsr) 85.75 312 T
(, for example\051.) 392.73 312 T
3 F
(\245) 72 292 T
1 F
0.51 (Supports multiple logical block sizes, ranging from the disk sector size up to something lar) 85.75 292 P
0.51 (ge) 528.68 292 P
0.92 (like 64k or 256k. The block size is set at \336lesystem creation time. It is the minimum unit of) 85.75 278 P
(allocation in the \336lesystem.) 85.75 264 T
3 F
(\245) 72 244 T
1 F
-0.15 (Supports multiple physical sector sizes. This allows us to support dif) 85.75 244 P
-0.15 (ferent disk hardware with-) 413.55 244 P
0.17 (out a built-in reliance on a particular formatted sector size. Smaller sector sizes yield less total) 85.75 230 P
0.2 (useable disk space, so more ef) 85.75 216 P
0.2 (\336cient use of current disks can be made by increasing the sector) 231.74 216 P
(size.) 85.75 202 T
3 F
(\245) 72 182 T
1 F
-0.22 (Allow the \336lesystem to change size on-line, possible automatically as well as by administrative) 85.75 182 P
1.5 (command. The \336lesystem\325) 85.75 168 P
1.5 (s underlying space \050volume\051 can grow) 215.67 168 P
1.5 (, so the \336lesystem must be) 405.91 168 P
-0.19 (able to use the new space. It is also possible to allow communication between the volume man-) 85.75 154 P
-0.17 (ager and the \336lesystem so that the \336lesystem will ask the volume manager to grow the underly-) 85.75 140 P
-0.28 (ing volume when the \336lesystem is getting full. It is not a requirement to allow on-line shrinking) 85.75 126 P
(of a \336lesystem; it is a requirement to allow of) 85.75 112 T
(f-line shrinking.) 303.73 112 T
FMENDPAGE
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
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(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
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(xFS Pr) 72 42.62 T
(oject Description) 94.61 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(3) 500 42.62 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 712 T
1 F
1.99 (Allow the separation of \336lesystem space between inodes and data to change on-line. This) 85.75 712 P
-0.09 (implies dynamic allocation of the space for inodes as the only reasonable implementation. Of) 85.75 698 P
-0.09 (f-) 532.01 698 P
0.39 (line change doesn\325) 85.75 684 P
0.39 (t imply anything about the allocation mechanisms; they could still be static) 176.24 684 P
-0.04 (in that case. Note that any mechanism which yields dif) 85.75 670 P
-0.04 (ferent numbers of inodes in each alloca-) 347.71 670 P
(tion group implies some sort of indexing scheme to \336nd the inodes.) 85.75 656 T
3 F
(\245) 72 636 T
1 F
0.21 (High throughput for \336le server and compute server applications. In particular) 85.75 636 P
0.21 (, the NFS perfor-) 457.43 636 P
2.06 (mance must make our system price/performance competitive. Compute server applications) 85.75 622 P
(need high single-\336le throughput.) 85.75 608 T
3 F
(\245) 72 588 T
1 F
0.41 (Extremely high throughput for video server applications. This means that sequential access to) 85.75 588 P
-0.01 (lar) 85.75 574 P
-0.01 (ge \336les must be very fast. This might be done via hints from the application about necessary) 98.19 574 P
(read performance, rather than by the default mechanisms.) 85.75 560 T
3 F
(\245) 72 540 T
1 F
-0.1 (Fast, guaranteed response time for digital media and other real-time applications. Preallocation) 85.75 540 P
0.26 (of blocks for POSIX 1003.4 functionality) 85.75 526 P
0.26 (. W) 285.48 526 P
0.26 (e don\325) 302.1 526 P
0.26 (t really know how to do this yet. It\325) 332.45 526 P
0.26 (s possi-) 503.42 526 P
(ble this should be pushed to user mode, and probable that it won\325) 85.75 512 T
(t make our \336rst release.) 398.34 512 T
3 F
(\245) 72 492 T
1 F
0.18 (High throughput for random access to very lar) 85.75 492 P
0.18 (ge databases, via direct I/O and asynchronous I/) 308.94 492 P
(O. These applications will want to bypass the buf) 85.75 478 T
(fer cache and implement their own cacheing.) 322.38 478 T
3 F
(\245) 72 458 T
1 F
0.61 (Backup and HSM interfaces for Epoch and similar systems are supported. File migration and) 85.75 458 P
-0.03 (backup tools are supported or supplied by us. Backup tools allow full and incremental backups) 85.75 444 P
(in a reasonable length of time.) 85.75 430 T
3 F
(\245) 72 410 T
1 F
0.82 (It must be possible to restore \336lesystems from backup media after a disaster) 85.75 410 P
0.82 (, in a reasonably) 458.92 410 P
0.72 (short amount of time. File restore must also allow selection of individual \336les to restore, and) 85.75 396 P
(must allow the backup media to be remote from the \336lesystem.) 85.75 382 T
2 14 Q
(3.2  File system implementation) 72 348.67 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 328 T
1 F
0.43 (The \336le system is implemented under vnodes, possibly extended from the current ones. Other) 85.75 328 P
0.88 (\336le systems \050excluding EFS\051 in IRIX continue to run with little or no implementation ef) 85.75 314 P
0.88 (fort.) 519.68 314 P
(EFS must continue to run, but may have impaired performance.) 85.75 300 T
3 F
(\245) 72 280 T
1 F
-0.08 (File system is implemented as a \322journalled\323 \336lesystem. This is implied by the requirement for) 85.75 280 P
(a small recovery time for lar) 85.75 266 T
(ge \336lesystems.) 221.76 266 T
3 F
(\245) 72 246 T
1 F
0.15 (Implement using message passing and kernel threads. The former allows later distribution in a) 85.75 246 P
(network. The latter allows greater performance and ease of implementation.) 85.75 232 T
3 F
(\245) 72 212 T
1 F
1.98 (Implement so that a user) 85.75 212 P
1.98 (-mode \322simulation\323 of the \336lesystem is functional and usable for) 211.36 212 P
(debugging and performance modelling.) 85.75 198 T
3 F
(\245) 72 178 T
1 F
1.72 (Support lar) 85.75 178 P
1.72 (ge, sparse \336les with a B-tree representation of the data blocks in the \336les. This) 140.88 178 P
(makes the performance of these \336les acceptable. Any equivalent index scheme will do as well.) 85.75 164 T
3 F
(\245) 72 144 T
1 F
1.89 (Delay allocation of user data blocks when possible to make blocks more contiguous. This) 85.75 144 P
0.67 (allows us to make extents lar) 85.75 130 P
0.67 (ge without requiring the user to specify extent size, and without) 227.81 130 P
2.14 (requiring a \336lesystem reor) 85.75 116 P
2.14 (ganizer to \336x the extent sizes up after the fact. Users may still) 218.2 116 P
0.69 (require that certain \336les be contiguous, and so we will need a \336le system reor) 85.75 102 P
0.69 (ganizer for that) 465.34 102 P
(purpose.) 85.75 88 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "3" 4
%%Page: "4" 4
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
0 X
0 K
(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Pr) 72 42.62 T
(oject Description) 94.61 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(4) 500 42.62 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 712 T
1 F
0.72 (Store symlinks and other small \336les in the inode when possible. By doing so, we save a disk) 85.75 712 P
(block and the time to read it.) 85.75 698 T
3 F
(\245) 72 678 T
1 F
0.89 (Support directories with some form of indexed structure, so that searches are faster for lar) 85.75 678 P
0.89 (ge) 528.68 678 P
(directories. Some form of B-tree will work.) 85.75 664 T
3 F
(\245) 72 644 T
1 F
0.76 (Support low-power machines with the ability to turn of) 85.75 644 P
0.76 (f the disk drives when they are not in) 356.08 644 P
(use, and turn them on again when needed.) 85.75 630 T
2 14 Q
(3.3  V) 72 596.67 T
(olume manager functionality) 105.3 596.67 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 576 T
1 F
1.5 (Mirroring \050plexing\051 of storage. Flexibility is required, we do not want to require duplexing) 85.75 576 P
(entire disks, or limiting to two plexes.) 85.75 562 T
3 F
(\245) 72 542 T
1 F
(Disk striping. Required for performance on lar) 85.75 542 T
(ge systems.) 309.03 542 T
3 F
(\245) 72 522 T
1 F
0.44 (Concatenation of storage sections. Should be able to build arbitrarily lar) 85.75 522 P
0.44 (ge volumes, up to the) 435.32 522 P
(64-bit limit.) 85.75 508 T
3 F
(\245) 72 488 T
1 F
(On-line re-sizing of volumes. Concatenation can be used for this.) 85.75 488 T
3 F
(\245) 72 468 T
1 F
1.17 (Separate logging and data sub-volumes. Logging sub-volumes are needed by the \336lesystem.) 85.75 468 P
(Each should be sized independently in each portion of the volume.) 85.75 454 T
3 F
(\245) 72 434 T
1 F
1.41 (High throughput for \336le server applications. The performance penalty for using the volume) 85.75 434 P
(manager should be vanishingly small in normal operation.) 85.75 420 T
3 F
(\245) 72 400 T
1 F
0.42 (Support of RAID devices at their full performance. Implies lar) 85.75 400 P
0.42 (ge transfers generated from the) 389.11 400 P
(\336lesystem code, through the volume manager) 85.75 386 T
(, down to the RAID driver) 303.79 386 T
(.) 429.71 386 T
3 F
(\245) 72 366 T
1 F
1.29 (Fast, guaranteed response time for digital media and other real-time applications. W) 85.75 366 P
1.29 (e might) 502.39 366 P
1.33 (want to restrict this to certain disk types, if there are disk types we think cannot meet such) 85.75 352 P
(requirements.) 85.75 338 T
3 F
(\245) 72 318 T
1 F
0.73 (Support of multiple-access \050dual-ported\051 disk controllers. Necessary for real high-availability) 85.75 318 P
(applications.) 85.75 304 T
3 F
(\245) 72 284 T
1 F
(Dynamic relocation of control for a volume. Necessary for high availability) 85.75 284 T
(.) 447.69 284 T
3 F
(\245) 72 264 T
1 F
0.07 (Support multiple logical sector sizes \050one per volume\051. This supports the equivalent \336lesystem) 85.75 264 P
(requirement.) 85.75 250 T
3 F
(\245) 72 230 T
1 F
-0.23 (The new and old volume managers \050lv) 85.75 230 P
-0.23 (, not V) 268.13 230 P
-0.23 (eritas\051 must be able to run in the same system. It is) 299.33 230 P
(not a requirement to run a V) 85.75 216 T
(eritas volume in the same system.) 220.32 216 T
3 F
(\245) 72 196 T
1 F
0.76 (EFS and non \336lesystem applications must be able to run on top of the new volume manager) 85.75 196 P
0.76 (.) 537 196 P
(Ordinary driver interfaces must be presented to these clients, even if xFS doesn\325) 85.75 182 T
(t use them.) 470.25 182 T
2 14 Q
(3.4  V) 72 148.67 T
(olume manager implementation) 105.3 148.67 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 128 T
1 F
1.35 (Logging of written blocks when volume is incomplete. Necessary for high availability \050fast) 85.75 128 P
(recovery from a disk failure\051.) 85.75 114 T
3 F
(\245) 72 94 T
1 F
(Implement using message passing and kernel threads, to allow later distribution in a network.) 85.75 94 T
FMENDPAGE
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
0 X
0 K
(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Pr) 72 42.62 T
(oject Description) 94.61 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(5) 500 42.62 T
2 16 Q
(4.0  Buffer cache and virtual memory support) 72 709.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 686 T
1 F
-0.09 (Need to be able to keep blocks from going to disk until prerequisite blocks have gone out. This) 85.75 686 P
(allows us to keep consistency with the logging \336lesystem.) 85.75 672 T
3 F
(\245) 72 652 T
1 F
0.99 (May need to \336nish the memory mapped \336les implementation, it is not complete in IRIX 5.0) 85.75 652 P
(\050memcntl interface is stuf) 85.75 638 T
(fed out\051. This implies some additional virtual memory work.) 208.45 638 T
2 16 Q
(5.0  Possible r) 72 597.33 T
(equir) 165.88 597.33 T
(ements) 202.02 597.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 574 T
1 F
1.41 (Support DFS vnode interfaces. This has to wait until we \336gure out what is happening with) 85.75 574 P
(DFS.) 85.75 560 T
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