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% Copyright (c) 1986,87,89,90,91 by Frame Technology Corporation.
% All rights reserved.
%
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% Due to bugs in Transcript, the 'PS-Adobe-' is omitted from line 1
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(xFS Simulation Envir) 72 42.62 T
(onment) 146.85 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(1) 500 42.62 T
1 24 Q
(xFS Simulation Environment) 165.39 704 T
2 12 Q
(Doug Doucette) 268.2 664 T
2 16 Q
(1.0 Intr) 72 621.33 T
(oduction) 127.23 621.33 T
1 12 Q
(This is the design document for the simulation environment \050scaf) 72 594 T
(folding\051 for xFS.) 384.58 594 T
2 16 Q
(2.0 Goals and Requir) 72 553.33 T
(ements) 220.54 553.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 530 T
1 F
-0.06 (Allow user mode debugging of all xFS project \336le system components. Excludes volume man-) 85.75 530 P
(ager \050xlv\051 from the set of things we want to debug, at least for now) 85.75 516 T
(.) 405.74 516 T
3 F
(\245) 72 496 T
1 F
(Allow integration and testing of all \336le system components \050again, except xlv\051.) 85.75 496 T
3 F
(\245) 72 476 T
1 F
1.09 (Changes to \336le system components to work in the simulation environment must be minimal) 85.75 476 P
(and limited to) 85.75 462 T
2 F
(#ifdefs) 155.39 462 T
1 F
(.) 189.36 462 T
3 F
(\245) 72 442 T
1 F
(Allow multi-user testing.) 85.75 442 T
3 F
(\245) 72 422 T
1 F
(Present a transparent interface to applications, except for linking dif) 85.75 422 T
(ferently) 411.28 422 T
(.) 447.8 422 T
3 F
(\245) 72 402 T
1 F
(Run on unmodi\336ed 5.x machines \050at least\051. [No kernel changes.]) 85.75 402 T
3 F
(\245) 72 382 T
1 F
1.64 (Use disk space identi\336ed by pathname and range of addresses for the data and log spaces.) 85.75 382 P
(Allow either raw disk or ordinary \336les to be used.) 85.75 368 T
2 16 Q
(3.0 Design Alternatives) 72 327.33 T
1 12 Q
1.88 (There are three major design alternatives we could use to meet some or all of the goals and) 72 300 P
(requirements listed above. Roughly) 72 286 T
(, they are:) 241.78 286 T
(1.) 72 266 T
-0.11 (#) 85.75 266 P
2 F
-0.11 (ifdef) 91.74 266 P
1 F
-0.11 ( the utilities to avoid name con\337icts, and link all the utilities together with the \336le system) 115.06 266 P
0 (code. Each user \322process\323 gets its own sproc, and all the \322kernel\323 data is shared. The \322shell\323 is) 85.75 252 P
(just some simple command lookup code.) 85.75 238 T
(2.) 72 218 T
0.08 (Utilities link with a library which replaces all the \336le name and \336le descriptor calls; the library) 85.75 218 P
0.66 (intercepts calls into the simulated \336lesystem and passes calls to real \336lesystems onto the ker-) 85.75 204 P
-0.03 (nel. The intercepted calls turn into messages to a set of server sproc\325) 85.75 190 P
-0.03 (s which implement the \336le) 412.85 190 P
(system.) 85.75 176 T
(3.) 72 156 T
0.81 (The simulation registers itself as an NFS server for the simulated mount point, and runs as a) 85.75 156 P
(user mode NFS server) 85.75 142 T
(. No wrapper library is needed.) 192.01 142 T
0.05 (Any of these could be implemented. Each has dif) 72 116 P
0.05 (fering implementation cost and a dif) 308.36 116 P
0.05 (ferent set of) 482.62 116 P
(problems and bene\336ts.) 72 102 T
FMENDPAGE
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(onment) 146.85 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(2) 500 42.62 T
1 12 Q
1.08 (Alternative 1 requires the most in the way of source changes to the utilities and test programs,) 72 712 P
0.6 (since they must be changed to avoid overlapping names with each other and with the kernel \336le) 72 698 P
0.19 (system code. Fork calls must be intercepted, and turned into sproc calls; exec calls must be inter-) 72 684 P
1.04 (cepted and turned into function calls to other \322programs\323 linked in. The real shells may be too) 72 670 P
0.3 (complex to make work this way) 72 656 P
0.3 (, but probably a simple shell can be written as the top level com-) 226.29 656 P
0.4 (mand interpreter; on the other hand, this means that scripting would be dif) 72 642 P
0.4 (\336cult, so maybe it is a) 432.71 642 P
0.93 (requirement to make) 72 628 P
2 F
0.93 (sh) 177.04 628 P
1 F
0.93 ( work. There is no protection for programs from each other) 188.37 628 P
0.93 (, nor for the) 480.6 628 P
0.79 (kernel from the programs. Memory allocation, if done with malloc, would be problematic since) 72 614 P
0.38 (programs don\325) 72 600 P
0.38 (t normally release their memory before exiting; otherwise the malloc implementa-) 142.45 600 P
(tion needs to be replaced with some code that can \336nd the \322process\323 memory and release it.) 72 586 T
0.28 (Alternative 2 simulates the actual user/kernel split well. There is an implementation cost in mak-) 72 560 P
0.78 (ing the message-passing system call library work. Not all system calls can be implemented in a) 72 546 P
-0.26 (straightforward way to reference the simulated \336le system: exec, for instance \050and mmap\051, are dif-) 72 532 P
-0.01 (\336cult. W) 72 518 P
-0.01 (e can use a real shell program. Utility changes will be minimal \050turning of) 113.01 518 P
-0.01 (f multiprocess-) 467.73 518 P
-0.15 (ing\051. The set of pathname functionality that can easily be implemented is a little restricted, but not) 72 504 P
(too bad - the problems arise through operations such as .. through the root of the simulation.) 72 490 T
1.97 (In both alternatives 1 and 2, kernel code surrounding the \336lesystem must be simulated. This) 72 464 P
(includes things like vnode support, memory allocation, and so on.) 72 450 T
0.51 (Alternative 3 changes this by turning the simulation into an NFS server) 72 424 P
0.51 (. There are absolutely no) 419.06 424 P
-0.04 (changes required to the utilities, not even relinking. The scaf) 72 410 P
-0.04 (folding is a little more dif) 362.22 410 P
-0.04 (\336cult, since) 484.74 410 P
0.16 (a user) 72 396 P
0.16 (-mode NFS server must be written. Operations which can\325) 100.23 396 P
0.16 (t be done through NFS, or which) 381.45 396 P
1.58 (NFS clients turn into something else, won\325) 72 382 P
1.58 (t be seen by the simulation. For example, memory) 286.83 382 P
0.44 (mapped \336les \050and exec\051 will work, but the NFS operations are just reads and writes. For another) 72 368 P
-0.21 (example, there\325) 72 354 P
-0.21 (s no way to simulate new semantics such as extended attributes, without extending) 145.73 354 P
0.64 (the NFS protocol to support them. \050Note that we would in all likelihood wish to do that eventu-) 72 340 P
(ally) 72 326 T
(, for the real product, in any case.\051) 89.21 326 T
2 16 Q
(4.0 Design Overview) 72 285.33 T
1 12 Q
0.13 (The fundamental idea behind the simulated xFS \336lesystem is that applications can use \336les in the) 72 258 P
(simulated \336lesystem as though they were normal, real, kernel-implemented \336les.) 72 244 T
1.26 (User programs will link with a library replacing certain system calls \050all the \336lesystem related) 72 218 P
0.45 (ones\051 with wrappers. The wrappers will intercept calls aimed at \336les in the simulated \336lesystem.) 72 204 P
0.85 (Each such call will result in a message being sent to a \322monitor\323 process associated one-to-one) 72 190 P
(with the user process. The monitor process is the bulk of the \336lesystem simulation.) 72 176 T
1.13 (The monitor contains all the xFS \336lesystem code as well as \322scaf) 72 150 P
1.13 (folding\323 code which replaces) 396.38 150 P
0.02 (both the kernel services that the \336lesystem uses \050page cache, memory allocation, locking\051 and the) 72 136 P
0.17 (mechanisms to get from system calls to the \336lesystem code in a real kernel \050syscall, vnodes, etc\051.) 72 122 P
0.98 (The underlying disk driver accesses are replaced by writes to the disk space being used for the) 72 108 P
0.13 (\336lesystem. The monitor processes for a given \336lesystem simulation share state in shared memory) 72 94 P
(\050and on disk\051 and communicate with each other as necessary) 72 80 T
(.) 361.99 80 T
FMENDPAGE
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
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(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
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(xFS Simulation Envir) 72 42.62 T
(onment) 146.85 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(3) 500 42.62 T
1 12 Q
0.87 (The monitor process is created and destroyed by the library code linked with the user program.) 72 712 P
0.68 (The local con\336guration - in particular) 72 698 P
0.68 (, the mount point, disk space, etc. - is taken from environ-) 255.1 698 P
0.29 (ment variables by the library code, so that users of the simulation can share a single \336lesystem if) 72 684 P
(they desire, and can have a private \336lesystem otherwise.) 72 670 T
2 16 Q
(5.0 Design Details) 72 629.33 T
1 12 Q
(How do we identify opens \050pathnames\051 that are being simulated?) 72 602 T
1.4 (Assume that each \336lesystem simulation is started by a mkfs followed by a mount. The mount) 72 576 P
0.58 (identi\336es the disk space\050s\051 and the pathname to the simulation. Since creation of a new \336le type) 72 562 P
0.19 (requires kernel changes, we will make the mount point be a symbolic link to a nonexistent name.) 72 548 P
0.26 (Then we can catch pathname uses that fail, and look at them to see if the name matches a known) 72 534 P
(mount point, and simulate the pathname use \050open, chdir) 72 520 T
(, etc.\051.) 344.01 520 T
-0.13 (Actually since the current directory of a process is part of the process\325 real state, all pathname ref-) 72 494 P
0.78 (erences that are relative to it must be checked as well. Issue: do we deal with symlinks into the) 72 480 P
(simulation?) 72 466 T
2 14 Q
(5.1 User Library Design) 72 432.67 T
1 12 Q
-0.28 (As mentioned above, we can make pathname references run the normal call then intercept the fail-) 72 406 P
-0.22 (ure cases. W) 72 392 P
-0.22 (e then maintain a \322\336le table\323 for each \336le being simulated, so we can intercept system) 131.55 392 P
-0.17 (calls with \336le descriptor ar) 72 378 P
-0.17 (guments. In order to keep the problem simple, we need to actually have) 199 378 P
0.83 (a real open \336le descriptor behind each simulated \336le; the \336le descriptor doesn\325) 72 364 P
0.83 (t need to refer to) 457.43 364 P
(anything useful.) 72 350 T
1.03 (The user programs communicate with the monitor programs by some convenient mechanism; I) 72 324 P
1.04 (suggest that pipes or System V messages or shared memory are adequate. I have no interest in) 72 310 P
0.77 (dealing with sockets, and I don\325) 72 296 P
0.77 (t think it\325) 228.88 296 P
0.77 (s required that the simulation support a multi-machine) 274.42 296 P
1.97 (environment either) 72 282 P
1.97 (. The messages will need to encapsulate all the information that would be) 164.25 282 P
-0.05 (transmitted in a system call, including things like pathnames. The monitor side can be assumed to) 72 268 P
(have as much state as the kernel side of a process, since that\325) 72 254 T
(s what it\325) 363.44 254 T
(s simulating.) 407.42 254 T
2 14 Q
(5.2 Kernel System Call Side Design) 72 220.67 T
1 12 Q
2.28 (The top level is the message receipt and breakout into individual routines, analogous to the) 72 194 P
1.27 (syscall\050\051 code. This then gets us down into versions of the routines such as read\050\051, ioctl\050\051, etc.) 72 180 P
0.69 (These can be rewritten for the simulation, in general; if it is easier in some cases to use the real) 72 166 P
0.22 (code then we can do that. W) 72 152 P
0.22 (e will need to simulate the) 208.58 152 P
2 F
0.22 (u.) 339.16 152 P
1 F
0.22 ( structure and process structures to sup-) 348.82 152 P
(port such code.) 72 138 T
0.37 (The next level takes us through vnode structures and the \336le system switch to the xFS code. The) 72 112 P
(vnode support will need to be present intact; only xFS \336les will be supported, though.) 72 98 T
FMENDPAGE
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
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(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Simulation Envir) 72 42.62 T
(onment) 146.85 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(4) 500 42.62 T
2 14 Q
(5.3 Kernel Support Side Design) 72 710.67 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 690 T
1 F
(Vnodes) 85.75 690 T
3 F
(\245) 72 670 T
1 F
(Memory Allocation) 85.75 670 T
3 F
(\245) 72 650 T
1 F
(Locking) 85.75 650 T
3 F
(\245) 72 630 T
1 F
(Coordination with other monitors: control data is in shared memory) 85.75 630 T
0.65 (What we need to do here is list the \336les that will be present intact \050besides the actual \336lesystem) 72 604 P
0.24 (code\051, and the routines that will be faked and stubbed to support them. The way this is done is to) 72 590 P
0.42 (take the EFS code, and examine all the unde\336ned symbols. For each such symbol, we either add) 72 576 P
0.12 (the \336le that supplies it intact \050thus generating more unde\336ned symbols\051, or stub out the routine or) 72 562 P
-0.3 (variable. In rare cases we may want to add) 72 548 P
2 F
-0.3 (#ifdefs) 276.46 548 P
1 F
-0.3 ( to the \336le. W) 310.44 548 P
-0.3 (e repeat this procedure until it con-) 373.92 548 P
(ver) 72 534 T
(ges.) 87.1 534 T
2 16 Q
(6.0 Implementation Schedule) 72 493.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 470 T
1 F
1.19 (Implement and then test with EFS \336rst. This should be done before the \336rst integration and) 85.75 470 P
(testing of xFS code could be done.) 85.75 456 T
FMENDPAGE
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