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% Copyright (c) 1986,87,89,90,91 by Frame Technology Corporation.
% All rights reserved.
%
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% Due to bugs in Transcript, the 'PS-Adobe-' is omitted from line 1
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
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(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
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(xFS Message System Design) 72 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(1) 500 42.62 T
1 24 Q
(xFS Message System Design) 166.41 704 T
2 12 Q
(Doug Doucette) 268.2 664 T
1 F
(This document is the design for the message system module of IRIX to be used by xFS.) 72 636 T
2 16 Q
(1.0 Intr) 72 595.33 T
(oduction) 127.23 595.33 T
1 12 Q
0.62 (A message system is provided for use by the \336lesystem implementation. The message system is) 72 568 P
0.64 (used to communicate between certain modules of the implementation, especially over interfaces) 72 554 P
0.08 (that will be remote in the future distributed implementation. W) 72 540 P
0.08 (e will also use the message system) 373.61 540 P
0.92 (\050along with the kernel threads implementation\051 if we can gain additional performance by doing) 72 526 P
(so.) 72 512 T
-0.25 (W) 72 486 P
-0.25 (e expect to use messages from the vnode layer for remote \336les to the \336le system implementation) 82.36 486 P
0.5 (vnode layers, for the distributed version of the \336lesystem. The volume managers in a distributed) 72 472 P
2.16 (system will use messages to communicate with each other) 72 458 P
2.16 (. The administrative interfaces are) 367.81 458 P
-0.22 (implemented using messages, so that they can be remote from the administered objects. The name) 72 444 P
-0.06 (manager needs messages to communicate with remote \336lesystems when crossing mount points. If) 72 430 P
-0.17 (remote devices are supported, then messages will need to be used in the specfs layer to implement) 72 416 P
(that.) 72 402 T
2 16 Q
(2.0 Overview) 72 361.33 T
1 12 Q
1 (The main requirement is speed and simplicity) 72 334 P
1 (, especially in the local case. W) 296.44 334 P
1 (e want local mes-) 452.72 334 P
0.18 (sages to be not much more costly to use than procedure calls, so that the mechanism will be used) 72 320 P
(in the local case, and when the remote system is implemented, there will be less work to do.) 72 306 T
0.73 (The model is that there are three kinds of entities: messages, queues, and threads. Messages are) 72 280 P
1.1 (delivered to \050placed in\051 queues by threads. Messages are removed from queues by threads. W) 72 266 P
1.1 (e) 534.67 266 P
-0.11 (require that multiple threads can remove messages from a queue, so messages are not delivered to) 72 252 P
0.91 (threads. W) 72 238 P
0.91 (e require that multiple threads can send messages to a single queue, as well. That is,) 123.91 238 P
(message transmission is many-to-many) 72 224 T
(.) 260.11 224 T
1.96 (The queue is a \322place\323 for messages to wait when there are no message consumers, and for) 72 198 P
0.96 (threads to wait when there are no message producers. It is a very simple data structure \050pair of) 72 184 P
0.12 (linked lists\051 with a \322name\323. For the moment we will assume that the name of a queue is a 128-bit) 72 170 P
(unique, opaque identi\336er; these will be discussed in a separate paper) 72 156 T
(.) 399.43 156 T
-0.04 (What we have said so far implies an implementation for the local case, but even there a few ques-) 72 130 P
(tions remain. For instance:) 72 116 T
3 F
(\245) 72 96 T
1 F
0.3 (Is the position of a thread or a message in a queue af) 85.75 96 P
0.3 (fected by any priority scheme? Messages) 340.97 96 P
(could have a priority associated with them, and threads certainly will.) 85.75 82 T
FMENDPAGE
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%%Page: "2" 2
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
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(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Message System Design) 72 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(2) 500 42.62 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 712 T
1 F
-0.05 (How does memory allocation work for messages: is the message system or its callers responsi-) 85.75 712 P
(ble for message allocation?) 85.75 698 T
(In the interests of simplicity we will make tentative answers for these questions, as follows:) 72 672 T
3 F
(\245) 72 652 T
1 F
-0.29 (No priority scheme, isolate that to the thread mechanism. High-priority messages can be sent to) 85.75 652 P
1.3 (separate queues and read by high-priority threads. A variable priority scheme which caused) 85.75 638 P
(reading a message to set thread priority is possible but probably overkill for us.) 85.75 624 T
3 F
(\245) 72 604 T
1 F
0.84 (W) 85.75 604 P
0.84 (e will make the message system responsible for memory allocation for messages, and pro-) 96.11 604 P
(pose the details of the message format that make that practical.) 85.75 590 T
0.55 (For now) 72 564 P
0.55 (, we will ignore the ef) 112.08 564 P
0.55 (fect on the interfaces of making these messages work in a distrib-) 219.86 564 P
(uted system.) 72 550 T
2 16 Q
(3.0 Operations) 72 509.33 T
2 14 Q
(3.1 Message Queue Operations) 72 474.67 T
1 12 Q
-0.02 (The following queue operations are needed: create, destroy) 72 448 P
-0.02 (, and \336nd. W) 354.87 448 P
-0.02 (e will propose the follow-) 416.15 448 P
(ing as interfaces \050don\325) 72 434 T
(t take the names too seriously\051:) 178.69 434 T
3 F
(\245) 72 414 T
1 F
(q = q_create\050identi\336er\051;) 85.75 414 T
3 F
(\245) 72 394 T
1 F
(q_destroy\050q\051;) 85.75 394 T
3 F
(\245) 72 374 T
1 F
(q = q_address\050identi\336er\051;) 85.75 374 T
1.85 (Only one queue can exist per identi\336er) 72 348 P
1.85 (, so) 268.47 348 P
2 F
1.85 (q_cr) 291.82 348 P
1.85 (eate) 314.92 348 P
1 F
1.85 ( fails \050returns NULL\051 if a queue already) 335.56 348 P
-0.01 (exists.) 72 334 P
2 F
-0.01 (q_destr) 105.31 334 P
-0.01 (oy) 143.74 334 P
1 F
-0.01 ( fails if the queue is active, or perhaps there is a force \337ag which sends the wait-) 155.73 334 P
1.14 (ers and queued messages away) 72 320 P
1.14 (.) 224.31 320 P
2 F
1.14 (q_addr) 231.45 320 P
1.14 (ess) 268.56 320 P
1 F
1.14 ( translates from identi\336er to queue structure address) 283.21 320 P
0.08 (\050returning the value that) 72 306 P
2 F
0.08 (q_cr) 190.89 306 P
0.08 (eate) 213.99 306 P
1 F
0.08 ( originally returned\051; it\325) 234.63 306 P
0.08 (s not clear if we need this as an external) 347.79 306 P
0.1 (interface. W) 72 292 P
0.1 (e may also need information operations to get back the identi\336er) 130.42 292 P
0.1 (, message count, and) 440.09 292 P
(thread count associated with a queue.) 72 278 T
2 14 Q
(3.2 Message Operations) 72 244.67 T
1 12 Q
-0.15 (The following message operations are needed: allocate, free, send, receive. Also some setup oper-) 72 218 P
(ations may be supplied to initialize common portions of the message.) 72 204 T
-0.25 (This is the basic, minimum set of operations. W) 72 178 P
-0.25 (e should consider if there are additional operations) 298.92 178 P
0.4 (we wish to specify that are useful beyond the minimal set. For instance, some form of send-and-) 72 164 P
(wait-for) 72 150 T
(-reply is useful.) 110.39 150 T
0.05 (Before we can specify interfaces, we need to know what common information is in the messages.) 72 124 P
0.25 (W) 72 110 P
0.25 (e will assert the following here, and discuss it further below: message type, response identi\336er) 82.36 110 P
0.25 (,) 537 110 P
2 (sending thread, tar) 72 96 P
2 (get identi\336er) 164.72 96 P
2 (, and enough information to deduce the message components\325) 227.2 96 P
1.46 (sizes. W) 72 82 P
1.46 (e will give each message a type \336eld which de\336nes which structure type describes it;) 113.14 82 P
0.43 (there is a reserved type value which indicates that the message is empty) 72 68 P
0.43 (. Each message structure) 420.14 68 P
FMENDPAGE
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%%Page: "3" 3
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
0 X
0 K
(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Message System Design) 72 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(3) 500 42.62 T
1 12 Q
0.09 (will contain a message header structure at its start, containing all the common \336elds. The remain-) 72 712 P
0.37 (der of the message structure will contain \336elds speci\336c to the type. Some \336elds may be pointers;) 72 698 P
(the header must describe this so that the remote case will work.) 72 684 T
(W) 72 658 T
(e will propose the following interfaces \050again, names have not been checked for con\337icts\051:) 82.36 658 T
3 F
(\245) 72 638 T
1 F
(m = m_allocate\050type\051;) 85.75 638 T
3 F
(\245) 72 618 T
1 F
(m_init\050m, tar) 85.75 618 T
(get id, response id\051;) 148.83 618 T
3 F
(\245) 72 598 T
1 F
(m_free\050m\051;) 85.75 598 T
3 F
(\245) 72 578 T
1 F
(m_send\050m\051;) 85.75 578 T
3 F
(\245) 72 558 T
1 F
(m2 = m_send_receive\050m1\051;) 85.75 558 T
3 F
(\245) 72 538 T
1 F
(m = m_receive\050receive id or q\051;) 85.75 538 T
0.6 (Messages are allocated with the tar) 72 512 P
0.6 (get and response ids set to the null value. Allocation and ini-) 242.96 512 P
0.93 (tialization could be combined, but for now we\325ll make the primitives separate.) 72 498 P
2 F
0.93 (m_init) 461.6 498 P
1 F
0.93 ( can be a) 494.91 498 P
(simple macro, at least for the current information being set up.) 72 484 T
0.62 (The send and receive interfaces work solely with queue identi\336ers. While this can be made ef) 72 458 P
0.62 (\336-) 529.34 458 P
-0.28 (cient, it will always be slower than using addresses. This can be repaired by adding \322hint\323 \336elds to) 72 444 P
-0.3 (the messages, which contain the results of calling) 72 430 P
2 F
-0.3 (q_addr) 309.78 430 P
-0.3 (ess) 346.89 430 P
1 F
-0.3 ( on the identi\336er \050one for response id,) 361.55 430 P
0.4 (one for tar) 72 416 P
0.4 (get id\051. W) 122.54 416 P
0.4 (e can also assume that it is actually ok for the) 170.69 416 P
2 F
0.4 (m_r) 395.99 416 P
0.4 (eceive) 417.08 416 P
1 F
0.4 ( call to take a mes-) 447.71 416 P
0.02 (sage queue instead of a receive id as ar) 72 402 P
0.02 (gument. W) 258.46 402 P
0.02 (e put the tar) 310.82 402 P
0.02 (get id \050and address hint\051 in the mes-) 367.63 402 P
1.85 (sage instead of as ar) 72 388 P
1.85 (guments to) 175.75 388 P
2 F
1.85 (m_send) 235.41 388 P
1 F
1.85 (, since these will have to be in the remote messages) 274.73 388 P
(anyway) 72 374 T
(.) 108.52 374 T
-0.1 (W) 72 348 P
-0.1 (e need to decide whether a message receive call can be interrupted. It is clear we can add a non-) 82.36 348 P
-0.12 (blocking \050polling\051 version of) 72 334 P
2 F
-0.12 (m_r) 212.75 334 P
-0.12 (eceive) 233.85 334 P
1 F
-0.12 (, but how do we abort a thread waiting for a message on a) 264.48 334 P
1.06 (particular queue, and why would we be doing that? W) 72 320 P
1.06 (e could assert the existence of a) 340.38 320 P
2 F
1.06 (q_\337ush) 502.66 320 P
1 F
-0.06 (interface, which blocked further messages from being sent to a queue and then sent \322empty\323 mes-) 72 306 P
0.38 (sages to all waiters. This is probably suf) 72 292 P
0.38 (\336cient, and we don\325) 266.98 292 P
0.38 (t have to discuss thread semantics to) 363.17 292 P
(describe it.) 72 278 T
2 16 Q
(4.0 Allocation and Structur) 72 237.33 T
(es) 262.28 237.33 T
2 14 Q
(4.1 Message Queue Allocation and Structur) 72 202.67 T
(es) 334.87 202.67 T
1 12 Q
2.7 (The message queue structures are allocated from ordinary kernel memory by the interfaces) 72 176 P
(described in Section) 72 162 T
(20.1 on page) 172.26 162 T
(21. Each queue structure includes the following:) 236.88 162 T
3 F
(\245) 72 142 T
1 F
(queue identi\336er) 85.75 142 T
3 F
(\245) 72 122 T
1 F
(pointer to head of list of message structures) 85.75 122 T
3 F
(\245) 72 102 T
1 F
(pointer to head of list of thread structures) 85.75 102 T
3 F
(\245) 72 82 T
1 F
(lock control information) 85.75 82 T
FMENDPAGE
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%%Page: "4" 4
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
0 X
0 K
(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Message System Design) 72 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(4) 500 42.62 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 72 712 T
1 F
(current and maximum length of message list) 85.75 712 T
3 F
(\245) 72 692 T
1 F
(current and maximum length of thread list) 85.75 692 T
3 F
(\245) 72 672 T
1 F
(if) 85.75 672 T
2 F
(q_\337ush) 96.07 672 T
1 F
( exists, a state \337ag for the queue) 133.41 672 T
3 F
(\245) 72 652 T
1 F
(a string naming the queue for debugging and statistics printing) 85.75 652 T
0.79 (Also needed are hashing or indexing structures for the translation of unique identi\336ers to queue) 72 626 P
1.97 (structure addresses. For the moment we will assume a simple hashing scheme, and a sibling) 72 612 P
(pointer in the queue structure to point to the next same-hash-value queue.) 72 598 T
2 14 Q
(4.2 Message Allocation and Structur) 72 564.67 T
(es) 292.51 564.67 T
1 12 Q
0.19 (As described in Section) 72 538 P
0.19 (20.2 on page) 189.15 538 P
0.19 (21, the messages are divided into a header \050the same for all) 254.15 538 P
(message types\051 and a body \050dif) 72 524 T
(ferent for all message types\051. The header includes the following:) 220.67 524 T
3 F
(\245) 72 504 T
1 F
(message type [small integer]) 85.75 504 T
3 F
(\245) 72 484 T
1 F
(tar) 85.75 484 T
(get queue identi\336er [unique id]) 98.18 484 T
3 F
(\245) 72 464 T
1 F
(tar) 85.75 464 T
(get queue address hint [queue structure pointer] \050and tar) 98.18 464 T
(get host identi\336er hint\051) 366.42 464 T
3 F
(\245) 72 444 T
1 F
(source thread \050and source host identi\336er\051, for debugging) 85.75 444 T
3 F
(\245) 72 424 T
1 F
(response queue identi\336er [unique id]) 85.75 424 T
3 F
(\245) 72 404 T
1 F
(response queue address hint [queue structure pointer] \050and response host identi\336er hint\051) 85.75 404 T
3 F
(\245) 72 384 T
1 F
(pointer to link the message on its queue) 85.75 384 T
-0.08 (The message type implies the value of a couple of other pieces of information: the size and layout) 72 358 P
0.32 (of the message body) 72 344 P
0.32 (. W) 170.44 344 P
0.32 (e will assume that each body is composed of a data portion and a pointer) 187.12 344 P
1.2 (portion. The size of the data portion is known based on the message type, as is the number of) 72 330 P
0.4 (pointers.) 72 316 P
2 K
0.4 (Question: do the pointers point to \336xed or variable-sized data? If \336xed, the pointer sec-) 117.04 316 P
-0.07 (tion is just pointers, and the length of data pointed to is known based on the message type. If vari-) 72 302 P
0.05 (able, each length must be stored in the structure along with the pointer) 72 288 P
0.05 (. Note that the size must be) 409.42 288 P
-0.24 (transmitted, in the remote case, for variable sizes; if the sizes are \336xed then they can be asserted to) 72 274 P
(be known on both sides.) 72 260 T
0 K
0.69 (Messages must be stored in global \050not procedure-local\051 memory to avoid the necessity of mes-) 72 234 P
-0.28 (sage copying. T) 72 220 P
-0.28 (o simplify this the) 146.87 220 P
2 F
-0.28 (m_allocate) 235.7 220 P
1 F
-0.28 ( and) 290.98 220 P
2 F
-0.28 (m_fr) 313.73 220 P
-0.28 (ee) 338.82 220 P
1 F
-0.28 ( interfaces are supplied. The model is as) 349.47 220 P
(follows:) 72 206 T
-0.15 (A message is allocated with) 72 180 P
2 F
-0.15 (m_allocate) 208.16 180 P
1 F
-0.15 (, then initialized for sending with) 263.45 180 P
2 F
-0.15 (m_init) 424.8 180 P
1 F
-0.15 (. It is then sent to) 458.12 180 P
-0.06 (the destination queue with) 72 166 P
2 F
-0.06 (m_send) 201.01 166 P
1 F
-0.06 ( \050for instance\051. This links it onto the tail of the list of messages) 240.32 166 P
0.31 (in the queue structure; the receiver removes the message from the head of the list of messages in) 72 152 P
0.42 (the queue structure. The receiver examines and processes the message, and then calls) 72 138 P
2 F
0.42 (m_fr) 488.84 138 P
0.42 (ee) 513.93 138 P
1 F
0.42 ( on) 524.58 138 P
(it.) 72 124 T
0.43 (In the remote message-passing case, the operations are the same as far as the message producers) 72 98 P
1.65 (and consumers are concerned. The pointer \336elds, if any) 72 84 P
1.65 (, in the message, are transformed into) 350.22 84 P
0.52 (arrays of bytes of data \050with lengths\051. The message is freed on the sending side once it has been) 72 70 P
FMENDPAGE
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 8 Q
0 X
0 K
(Silicon Graphics Pr) 72 750.67 T
(oprietary) 139.57 750.67 T
72 54 540 54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
N
(xFS Message System Design) 72 42.62 T
(October 7, 1993) 260.9 42.62 T
(5) 500 42.62 T
1 12 Q
0.18 (successfully delivered \050) 72 712 P
2 K
0.18 (? we haven\325) 185.6 712 P
0.18 (t discussed what kind of protocol this is ?) 243.69 712 P
0 K
0.18 (\051. As the message is) 443.68 712 P
0.08 (received a new message structure is allocated to hold it, and the new structure is put on the queue) 72 698 P
1.17 (at that end. The arrays of bytes corresponding to the pointer section of the message are turned) 72 684 P
1.04 (back into pointers to data on the receiving end. Since the original pointed-at objects are on the) 72 670 P
(sending side, these are copies and can be allocated along with the other message data.) 72 656 T
0.25 (It is possible that the free operation will actually be a callback routine, defaulting to the behavior) 72 630 P
0.71 (given above. This would allow more \337exibility per subsystem on how message memory is allo-) 72 616 P
(cated. The callback would have to be registered for the message type.) 72 602 T
2 16 Q
(5.0 Distributed Message System Design) 72 561.33 T
1 12 Q
([T) 72 534 T
(o be supplied later) 82.48 534 T
(.]) 170.09 534 T
FMENDPAGE
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