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<FONT FACE="ARIAL NARROW, HELVETICA" SIZE="5"><B>LTP FAQ</B></FONT>
<p>
<i>Our FAQ is a bit unorganized at this point. We're adding questions as they pop up. When topic areas
become clear, we'll reorder the questions into topic areas.</i>
<P>
<FONT FACE="ARIAL NARROW, HELVETICA">
<!-- questions section -->
<p>
<a href="#Q1"><b>What is LTP ?</b></a><br>
<a href="#Q2"><b>Linux already has a successful testing model. How will this project benefit Linux further?</b></a><br>
<a href="#Q3"><b>What is in the LTP, so far. </b></a><br>
<a href="#Q4"><b>How do I build this?</b></a><br>
<a href="#Q5"><b>How do I run this? How does it work?</b></a><br>
<a href="#Q6"><b>How do I analyze the results?</b></a><br>
<a href="#Q7"><b>What if a test program reports a failure?</b></a><br>
<a href="#Q8"><b>What is a test?</b></a><br>
<a href="#Q8"><b>Are you doing benchmarking?</b></a><br>
<a href="#Q8"><b>Are you doing standards testing?</b></a><br>
<hr noshade size=1>
<!-- answers section -->
<a name="Q1"></a>
<h3>What is LTP ?</h3>
LTP is the Linux Test Project. LTP is a project that aims to develop a set of
tools and tests to verify the functionality and stability of the Linux kernel
(including regression tests). We hope this will support Linux development by
making unit testing more complete and minimizing user impact by building a
barrier to keep bugs from making it to the user.
<p>
<a name="Q2"></a>
<h3>Linux already has a successful testing model. How will this project benefit
Linux further?</h3>
The Linux development community utilizes two important (some would argue most
important) testing techniques in it's normal operations: Design and Code
Inspections. The intent of LTP is to support this by giving developers an ever
growing set of tools to help identify any operational problems in their code
that may be missed by human review. One of the toughest categories of problems
to catch with inspection is that of interaction of features. With a
continuously improving set of tests and tools, developers can get an indication
of whether their changes may have broken some other functionality.
<p>
There is no such thing as a perfect test base. It's only useful if it keeps up
with new and changing functionality, and if it actually gets used.
<p>
<a name="Q3"></a>
<h3>What is in the LTP, so far? </h3>
The first release of code from SGI for LTP was a set of tools for testing file
systems. Since that first release, a group of tests we call <i>Quickhit</i>
tests have been released. These are simple tests aimed at running through a few
execution paths in a number of system calls. Watch the news link for updates on
the content of the LTP releases.
<p>
<a name="Q4"></a>
<h3>How do I build this?</h3>
We've made a decision to not put effort into a grand build process in favor of a
minimal makefile approach. We did this because the project is just starting and
we don't want to impose an "SGI approach" in favor of a more open source
approach decided more by open source contributors. For now, from the root of
the tree, a simple 'make' should do it. Send your build errata to
ltp@oss.sgi.com.
<p>
<a name="Q5"></a>
<h3>How do I run this? How does it work?</h3>
<b>Simple Answer:</b> <code>./runalltests.sh</code>
<p><b>Hard Answer:</b> Any way you want to. We have provided some example
scripts and files that you can use as a starting point, but it is only a
starting point. The tests can be run individually or with the help of a test
driver. We have included a test driver called "pan" that is easy to use.
<p>
A problem that needs to be addressed is how to store different command lines and
determining when to run them. A couple examples are, should a bigmem test be
run on a 128Mb system? Should a file system test that requires 2Gb of scratch
space be run on a system without such a test space? These two examples
highlight a couple of issues that need to be addressed in regard to the runtime
framework for tests.
<p>
<a name="Q6"></a>
<h3>How do I analyze the results?</h3>
Our philosophy on writing functional tests is that each test program is
responsible for setting up an environment for testing the target functionality,
performing an operation using the target functionality, and then analyzing
whether the functionality performed according to expectations and reporting the
results. Reporting the results can take a couple of different forms.
<p>
The simplest form is the exit status of the program. If a test hits a scenario
where it finds unexpected or improper results, calling <font
face="courier">exit()</font> with a non-zero exit status would flag the caller
that the test failed for some reason. Conversely, if the test completes with
the functionality performing as expected, a zero exit would flag the caller that
the test passed. Summarizing: <font face="courier"> exit(0)==PASS,
exit(!0)==FAIL</font>. Additionally, the test program could report some sort of
information on standard output indicating why the test passed or failed.
<p>
Another form of results reporting used within SGI is a hybrid of the <font
face="courier">exit()</font> style reporting. It still uses the exit status for
reporting, but incorporates a standard format for output from standard output of
the test program. This accomplishes two things: allows the reporting of the
functional testing results to be more understandable for both humans and a
computer analysis tool and allows more than one test case result to be reported
from within one test program. This is in contrast to a pure exit status
analysis where a test program may contain N test cases and one test case fails,
the test program returns a non-zero value. It appears that the whole test
fails. Compare this to a scenario where a test reports for each test case a
PASS or FAIL token on standard output.
<p>
For quick clarity, take this example:
<font face="courier">
<pre>
$ ./dup02
dup02 1 PASS : dup(-1) Failed, errno=9 : Bad file descriptor
dup02 2 PASS : dup(1500) Failed, errno=9 : Bad file descriptor
</pre></font>
dup02 is a test program that tests a couple of scenarios for the dup() call.
Each of the test cases call dup() in an effort to be sure dup() responds with a
correct errno value after deliberately calling dup() with bad arguments. In
both cases above, dup() is called with non-existent (1500) or undefined (-1)
file descriptor values. In both cases, dup() should respond with an errno
indicating a 'Bad File Descriptor'. In both cases, the test reports that dup()
responded as expected by printing a PASS token.
<p>
Additionally, the exit status should be zero, indicating all the test cases
passed. Accessing the exit status of the test program can be reported
immediately after running the test program by printing the $? variable.
<font face="courier"><pre>
$ echo $?
0
</pre></font>
<p>
Finally, we can analyze the results of the dup02 test program on two fronts. We
can see from the two PASS lines, that both test cases in the dup02 program
passed. We can also see from the exit status that the dup02 program as a whole
passed.
<p>
<a name="Q7"></a>
<h3>What if a test program reports a failure?</h3>
After a failure report, analysis consists of three parts: determining what test
case reported the failure, determining if the reported failure was really a
failure, and comparing results with a passing baseline.
<p>
Determining what test case is reporting a failure is sometimes a challenge. In
some cases, in a multiple test case test program, previous test cases can cause
failure in subsequent test cases. If a test is well written, the output on
standard output can be useful.
<p>
Once the test case the "failure" is occuring under is isolated, determining
whether the "failure" is really a failure needs to be determined. If a test is
poorly written and certain environmental conditions are not handled properly, a
false failure may occur.
<p>
Comparing the failure on the system under test against a baseline system is
important. If the test fails on a system but it is unknown if it ever passed on
any other system, it is not possible to determine if the problem is a new
failure. Comparing how the functionality under test performs on the baseline
against how it acts on the test system is the most important method for
determining how the "failure" occured.
<p>
<a name="Q8"></a>
<h3>What is a test?</h3>
Take a look at the LTP Glossary at <a href="glossary.html">http://oss.sgi.com/projects/ltp/glossary.html</a>. It covers
some of the basic testing definitions, including 'test'.
<p>
In software testing, the word 'test' has become overloaded and increasingly
tough to define. In operating system testing, we might be able to categorize
tests into a few different areas: functional (regression), duration, stress
(load), and performance.
<p>
<a name="Q9"></a>
<h3>Are you doing benchmarking?</h3>
Not at this time. We're more interested in functional, regression, and stress
testing the Linux kernel. Benchmarking may be workable to compare the
performace among Linux versions.
<p>
<a name="Q10"></a>
<h3>Are you doing standards testing?</h3>
No, we're leaving that to Linux Standard Base (LSB). Check out
<a href="http://www.freestandards.org/">http://www.freestandards.org/</a>.
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