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pcp updates: more multithreading

To: pcp developers <pcp@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: pcp updates: more multithreading
From: "Frank Ch. Eigler" <fche@xxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Sun, 24 Apr 2016 15:51:19 -0400
Delivered-to: pcp@xxxxxxxxxxx
User-agent: Mutt/1.4.2.2i
Hi -

The next installment from pcpfans.git fche/multithreading.

commit 7a5b2f9963e050f9aaa374d06a7f5c8d600bc0fa
Author: Frank Ch. Eigler <fche@xxxxxxxxxx>
Date:   Sun Apr 24 15:17:00 2016 -0400

    PR1055: handle some multithreaded deadlocks & race conditions
    
    While running the qa/4751 test case at full scale, deadlocks reliably
    occur.  (In fact, the 4751.out file was initially checked in truncated
    due to an alarm() catching the deadlocked run, producing no output.)
    The same type of deadlock is also easily demonstrated on stock
    previous-version libpcp, so it exculpates the recent pmNewContext
    multithreading changes.
    
    The valgrind "helgrind" tool is good at identifying problems of this
    nature, and should be routinely used for verifying code that deals
    with PM_*LOCK.
    
    The gist of one problem is inconsistent lock ordering.  The libpcp
    lock is sometimes taken nested within a context c_lock; and sometimes
    vice versa.  Two threads can easily lock each other out.  helgrind
    showed multiple different scenarios where the libpcp lock was taken
    unnecessarily by lower level code - where a smaller lock was
    sufficient.  This patchset adds a handful of small, non-recursive
    locks for these.
    
    This patch also includes a fix to a nastier race condition in
    __pmHandleToPtr(), whereby a context-destruction could race against
    context-structure lookup.  Some work remains in the multi-archive code
    and elsewhere to avoid two mildly racy functions (__pmPtrToHandle and
    the new __pmHandleToPtr_unlocked).
    
    qa/4751 and all other prexisting thread-group test cases look good
    now, no more deadlocks or lock-ordering-error reports there at least.
    (There are likely more hiding in the code: the libpcp lock is way
    overused.)

commit 3f4115d95778e4594361dea8cfaa5caff6d81086
Author: Frank Ch. Eigler <fche@xxxxxxxxxx>
Date:   Sun Apr 24 14:55:25 2016 -0400

    multithreading qa/4751
    
    Tweak the qa/4751 test case so that different unreachable-host type
    error codes are mapped to a uniform one.  Generate an actual proper
    output for the last test (the one with some 156 contexts/threads).

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